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Differentiate between Ryotwari and Mahalwari system​

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Answered by Anonymous
8

Answer:

The following are the differences between the Ryotwari and Mahalwari system of land revenue:

1) Introduced by Thomas Munro in the year 1820, the Ryotwari system was a land revenue system in which the farmers directly paid the revenue to the state whereas, in the Mahalwari system, the land revenue was collected by the headmen of the village and he was responsible for paying it the state.

2) In the Ryotwari system, the Ryot or the individual cultivator has a full right on the sale, transfer and leasing of the land. Whereas, in the Mahalwari system, an entire village was converted into a big unit of revenue collection and treated as one unit for the collection of revenue.

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Answered by Anonymous
2

Answer:

Zamindari System

Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act.

It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi.

Also known as Permanent Settlement System.

Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.

The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

Ryotwari System

Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820.

Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh provinces of British India.

In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.

The revenue rates of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in irrigated land.

Mahalwari System

Mahalwari system was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentick.

It was introduced in Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc of British India.

The Mahalwari system had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System.

In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages.

Ownership rights were vested with the peasants.

The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes.

Land Reforms in India After Independence

Zamindari Abolition Act was passed by UP, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, etc. Surplus lands were confiscated from zamindars. Later Land Ceilings Act was passed by different states, fixing an upper limit for private land holdings of a family.

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