Differentiate between Sigma Bond and Pi Bond.
Answers
Sigma bond (σ bonds):-
1. The covalent bond formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis is called sigma bond.
2. The overlapping orbitals are oriented along the internuclear axis.
3. The bond is rotationally symmetrical around the internuclear axis
4. A as well as p orbitals can form this type of bonds.
5. it decide the shape of molecule
6. A single bond contains only one sigma bond while multiple bonds like double bond contain only one sigma bond.
7. sigma bonds have independent existence in molecule
8. It is stronger than a pi bond.
Pi bond (π bonds):-
1. The covalent bond formed by the lateral overlap of two p orbitals which are mutually parallel but oriented perpendicular to the internuclear axis is called a pi bond.
2. The overlapping orbitals are oriented perpendicular to the inter nuclear axis.
3. The bond is not rotationally symmetrical around the internuclear axis.
4. Only p orbitals can form this bond.
5. It decide the length of the molecule.
6. In the case of the pi bond a single bond contains only one pi bond, whereas multiple bonds like double bond have two pi bonds and triple bond has three pi bonds.
7. pi bonds are formed additional to sigma bond and not having independent existence.
8. It is weaker than a sigma bond.
Answer:
◆ Sigma Bond : A type of covalent bond in which most of the electrons are located in between the nuclei.
◆Pie Bond :A type of covalent bond in which the electron density is concentrated around the line bonding the atoms.
Explanation: