Question

differentiate between stars and planets. why do stars twinkle while the planets do not?

Answer 1

because the stars are small ,planets are big although we can say simply that the stars has the light

Answer 2

This is a long answer.
The distance of stars from the earth is huge. Whereas planets are nearer to the Earth. Moreover the Earth is covered by layers of atmosphere. The bottom layers are denser than the top.

So, when light rays from stars reach the earth, they suffer refraction at each layer, and each time, since the upper layer is rarer than the lower, the ray bends towards the normal. At one time, the light reaches the eye of the observer. If the path of the light ray is extended backwards, we will get the apparent position of the star, I.e., the position where our eyes allow us to see it.

Now, what happens is that, due to continuous change (even minute change can disturb) of temperature and pressure, the density of the layers continuously changes. So the apparent position of the star also changes. Since the star is smaller than the SUN, the star appears twinkling (but the sun do not).

On the other hand, planets are closer to the earth and light from the planets reflect...I.e., planets do not have lights of their own. So refraction of the light rays coming from the planets is minimum, and planets do not twinkle....




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