Differentiate Between Sympathetic Nervous System And Parasympathetic Nervous System On Basis Of Location And Role. 4 POINTS AT LEAST! Follow Me for More 100 Point Questions!
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Difference between Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Nervous System. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for the “fight or flight” response during any potential danger. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system inhibits the body from overworking and restores the body to a calm and composed state.
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• SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM :-
→ Promotes a fight-or-flight response, corresponds with arousal and energy generation, and inhibits digestion.
→ Diverts blood flow away from the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and skin via vasoconstriction.
→ Blood flow to skeletal muscles and the lungs is enhanced (by as much as 1200% in the case of skeletal muscles).
→ Dilates bronchioles of the lung through circulating epinephrine, which allows for greater alveolar oxygen exchange.
→ Increases heart rate and the contractility of cardiac cells (myocytes), thereby providing a mechanism for enhanced blood flow to skeletal muscles.
→ Dilates pupils and relaxes the ciliary muscle to the lens, allowing more light to enter the eye and enhances far vision.
→ Provides vasodilation for the coronary vessels of the heart.
→ Constricts all the intestinal sphincters and the urinary sphincter.
→ Inhibits peristalsis.
• ASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM :
→ The parasympathetic nervous system has been said to promote a "rest and digest" response, promotes calming of the nerves return to regular function, and enhancing digestion. Functions of nerves within the parasympathetic nervous system include.
→ Dilating blood vessels leading to the GI tract, increasing the blood flow.
→ Constricting the bronchiolar diameter when the need for oxygen has diminished.
→ Dedicated cardiac branches of the vagus and thoracic spinal accessory nerves impart parasympathetic control of the heart (myocardium).
→ Constriction of the pupil and contraction of the ciliary muscles, facilitating accommodation and allowing for closer vision.
→ Stimulating salivary gland secretion, and accelerates peristalsis, mediating digestion of food and, indirectly, the absorption of nutrients.