Differentiate between the administration of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq.
Answers
Explanation:
The Administration of Delhi Sultanate was largely influenced by their religion. The Sultans were the head of the state that enjoyed unlimited power in legislative, executive and judicial. Here, we are giving the brief story of the comparison between two personalities of Delhi Sultanate- Muhammad bin Tughlaq will forever be remembered for the wild swings in policy, whereas Alauddin Khilji’s administrative measures made him most powerful ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Administration of Alauddin Khalji
Administration of Muhammad Tughlaq
He increases his large standing army to protect from invasion (defensive measure) because Delhi was attacked twice, in 1299/1300 AD and 1302-03 AD.
He increased his large standing army to attack on Transoxiana.
He constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers.
He evacuates four oldest cities of Delhi (Dehli-i Kuhna) and made soldiers garrison. The residents of the old city were relocated to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south.
Soldiers were fed from the tax collected from the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna. Tax was fixed at 50 per cent of the produce.
The tax collected from the area between Ganga and Yamuna was used to feed the army. But to meet the need of the large number of soldiers the Sultan levied additional taxes, including those areas which were suffering from famine.
He paid his soldiers salaries in cash rather than kind. The soldiers were to buy their supplies from the local market. To stop the fear of price rise, he controlled the prices of goods. Prices were carefully monitor by officers, and if merchants did not sell at the prescribed rates were punished.
He paid salary in cash to the soldiers but never controlled the prices. He introduced the token system without royal verification somewhat
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Administration of Alauddin Khalji.
- Alauddin Khalji holds a very significant place among the Sultans of Delhi.
- Sultan Alauddin Khalji established a very strong central government during his reign in which the Sultan was the head of the administration. During his reign, the supremacy of Khaljis was established in entire India.
- He has his capital in Delhi.
- He built a new battalion town called Siri for his soldiers.
- There were two powerful classes nobility and ulema in the Sultanate throughout the 13th century.
- He minimized the powers of Ulema in the affairs of State and religion.
- A powerful ministry was organized by the Sultan for the smooth running of the administration. Each minister was related to one particular department. Their duties were to tender advice of the Sultan but they are not allowed to take decisions.
Administration of Muhammad Tughluq.
- Muhammad Tughluq's administrative measures were a failure.
- his invasion of Kashmir was a failure after which he decided to give up on invading Transoxiana.
- His decision of shifting his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad destroyed his administration.
- His worse decision of raising taxes and famine in the Ganga Yamuna belt led to widespread rebellion.
- Muhammad Tughluq paid soldiers cash salaries. For this, he introduced 'token' currency which was made of cheap metals.
- This caused a decline and instability in finance finally the token system was terminated.
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