Differentiate between the following.
a) An endoskeleton and an exoskeleton .
b) A ligament and a tendon.
c) Ball-and-socket joint and hinge joint.
Answers
a) Difference Between Endoskeleton And Exoskeleton
●Meaning
Endoskeleton : Refers to the internal skeleton
Exoskeleton: Refers to the external skeleton
●Found
Endoskeleton: Vertebrates
Exoskeleton: Arthropods
●Structure
Endoskeleton: Living
Exoskeleton: Nonliving
●Develops from
Endoskeleton: Endoderm
Exoskeleton: Ectoderm
●Made of
Endoskeleton: Phosphorous and calcium
Exoskeleton: Calcified shells, scales, cuticle
●Presence
Endoskeleton: Inside the body
Exoskeleton: Outside
●Grows with the body
Endoskeleton: Yes
Exoskeleton: No
●Flexibility
Endoskeleton: More
Exoskeleton: Less
b) Difference Between Tendon and Ligament
Tendon: Connects skeletal muscles to bones
Ligament: Connects bones to bones
Tendon: Tough and elastic
Ligament: Elastic
Tendon: Connects the end of the muscles to bones
Ligament: Connects the end of the bones at joints
Tendon: Each muscle contains only one tendon.
Ligament: Each joint contains many ligaments
Tendon: Proteoglycan content is low
Ligament: Proteoglycan content is comparatively more
Tendon: White in colour
Ligament: Yellow in colour
Tendon: Blood supply is poor
Ligament: Blood supply is just as poor
Tendon: Fibroblasts lie in a continuous row
Ligament: Fibroblasts are scattered
Tendon: The fibres are compact and present in parallel bundles
Ligament: They are not arranged in parallel bundles but are compactly packed
Tendon: No such classification
Ligament: They are classified into three types, namely: Articular ligaments, Remnant ligaments and Peritoneal ligaments
c) Difference between Ball-and-socket joint and hinge joint.
Ball And Socket Joint:
1. It permits free movement in all directions.
2. It is the most movable of the synovial joint, e.g. shoulder joint and hip joint.
Hinge Joint:-
1. It permits movement in one plane only.
2. It is comparatively less movable, e.g. elbow.