Question

differentiate between the following( a) period and group (b) atomic radii and ionic radii (c) ionization energy and electronegativity (d) reactivity of metal and halogens

Answer 1

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a) periods are horizontal rows where as, groups are vertical columns.

b) the atomic radii is the distance from nucleus to outermost electron where as, atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the normal valance electrons.

c) Ionisation energy is the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from neutral gaseous atom where as, electronegativity is the tendency of element to attract shared pair of electron towards itself in bonded condition.

d)◆ Metals are metals.
◆Halogens are non metals.

◆Alkali metals have 1 electrons in outer most shell.
◆Halogen have 7 electrons in outer most shell.

◆ Alkali metals are electropositive in nature.
◆Halogens are electronegative in nature.

Answer 2

Differences :

( A ) Period and group

➡ There are 7 periods in the Modern Periodic Table .

➡ There are 18 groups in the Modern Periodic Table .

➡ Each group has has same number of valence electrons in the outermost shell.

➡ Each period has same number of electron shells.

➡ Groups are vertical columns.

➡ Periods are horizontal roads.

➡ Groups show increase in the number of shells as we move down the table.

➡ Periods show increase in valence electrons as we move across the period towards the right .

( B ) Atomic radii and ionic radii

➡ Atomic radius is the distance between the centre of the atom and the outermost shell of it.

➡ Ionic radius is the distance between the centre of the gaseous atom and another gaseous atom such that they are just in contact .

( C ) Ionisation energy and electronegativity

➡ Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron ffrom the outermost shell of a neutral atom.

➡ Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared pairs of electrons when combined in a compound.

( D ) Reactivity of metals and halogens

➡ Metals form electrovalent bonds with non-metals .

➡ Halogens form covalent bonds with non-metals.

➡ Alkali metals are univalent , carries positive charge and has one valence electron .

➡ Halogens are also univalent , but carries negative charge and has seven valence electrons.

➡ Alkali metals are good reducing agents.

➡ Halogens are good oxidising agents.

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