Differentiate between the following:
i) Tidal volume and residual volume (quantity of air)
ii) Mammary gland and meibomian gland (Type of modified gland).
iii) Elbow joint and hip joint (Type of joint).
iv) Lactase and lipase (end products)
v) Rickets and anaemia (deficient mineral)
Answers
Answer:
i) Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled in a single, normal breath. Inspiratory capacity is the amount of air taken in during a deep breath, while residual volume is the amount of air left in the lungs after forceful respiration.
ii) Meibomian gland:S A type of gland in the eyelids that makes a lubricant called sebum which is discharged through tiny openings in the edges of the lids. ... Chronic inflammation of the meibomian glands leads to cysts, called chalazions.
iii) Normal Anatomy of the Elbow. The arm in the human body is made up of three bones that join together to form a hinge joint called the elbow. The upper arm bone or humerus connects from the shoulder to the elbow forming the top of the hinge joint. The lower arm or forearm consists of two bones, the radius and the ulna.The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows motion and gives stability needed to bear body weight. The socket area (acetabulum) is inside the pelvis. The ball part of this joint is the top of the thighbone (femur). It joins with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
iv) lipase — breaks down complex fats into smaller fatty acids and glycerol. pepsin — breaks down proteins in foods like meat, eggs, and dairy products into smaller peptides. lactase — breaks down the milk sugar called lactose.
v) condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells.
Anaemia results from a lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen flow to the body's organs.a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.