Differentiate between the following pairs of terms on the basis of what is indicated within
1.
brackets :
(a) Stimulus and response (definition)
(b) Receptor and effector (examples)
(c) Motor nerve and sensory nerve (function)
(d) Cranial and spinal nerves (number in pairs)
(e) Cerebrum and medulla oblongata (function)
(f) Cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of white and grey matter)
right answer brain list
Answers
Explanation:
a) i) A change in the environment is the stimulus
ii) the reaction of the organism to it is the response.
b) i) Effectors are parts of the body - such as muscles and glands - that produce a response to a detected stimulus. For example: a muscle contracting to move an arm. muscle squeezing saliva from the salivary gland.
ii) A receptor detects the stimuli and converts it into an impulse and an effector converts the impulse into an action. An example of a receptor is a light receptor in the eye which detects changes in light in the environment. An example of an effector is a muscle.
c) i) The main function of the sensory nervous system is to inform the central nervous system about stimuli impinging on us from the outside or within us. By doing so, it informs us about any changes in the internal and external environment.
ii) The motor (also known as efferent) division of the nervous system contains motor nerves. These nerves conduct impulses from the CNS and PNS to the muscles, organs and glands' effecting what happens in those tissues. The somatic division of the nervous system contains nerves which end in the skeletal muscles.
d) i) 31 pairs
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal nerve root pairs.
ii) 12 cranial nerves
e) i) The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating several basic functions of the autonomic nervous system, including respiration, cardiac function, vasodilation, and reflexes like vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing.
ii) Cerebellum: is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance. Brainstem: acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.
f) i) White matter is buried deep in the brain, while gray matter is mostly found on the brain's surface, or cortex.
ii) The spinal cord, which transmits nerve impulses to and from the rest of the body, has the opposite arrangement: gray matter at its core with insulating white matter on the outside.