Question

differentiate between the following term
Electron and proton
Atomic number and mass number
Nucleus and nucleons
Valence shell and penultimate shell
Octet and duplet.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Difference

Electron and Proton

Electron is negatively charged whereas proton is positively charged.

Atomic no and Mass no

While the mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom, the atomic number is only the number of protons.

Nucleus and Nucleons

The nucleus is the positively charged core of an atom, which is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Nucleons are particles that the core of an atom consists of, namely positively charged protons and neutral neutron

Valance shell and Penultimate shell

Valence shell is the last shell of the atom containing valence electrons. ... Penultimate shell is the shell just before the valence or the ultimate shell . i.e., the second last shell of the atom.

Octet and Duplet

An octet state is when an element has 8 electrons in it's outer most shell making it stable e.g for neon a noble gas, this is the reason for its inertness.

A duplet state is when an element has 2 electrons in it's outer most she'll e.g for helium