Differentiate between the following with a suitable example:
1.)
Lone pair & shared pair of electrons.
2). Duplet rule & octet rule.
3). Stable electronic configuration & unstable configuration.
4).Electrovalent bond & covalent bond
5)Single covalent bond & triple covalent bond.
tomic numbers of the following elements are given below:
Answers
Answer:
Covalent compounds and coordination compounds essentially have bond pairs. They may or may not have lone pairs. The difference between bond pair and lone pair is that a bond pair is composed of two electrons that are in a bond whereas a lone pair is composed of two electrons that are not in a bond.
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and second one
Octet means presence of a total of 8 electrons in its valence shell while in case of duplet only 2 electrons are present in valence shell.
and third one
Stable electronic configuration: Atoms having octet (8 electrons) or duplet 2 electrons in outermost shell is stable electronic configuration 2 electrons in K shell the valence shell. ... Unstable electronic configuration: “Atoms of the element which do not have their valence shells completely filled.”
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Answer:
1. When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a covalent bond. Because two atoms are sharing one pair of electrons, this covalent bond is called a single bond. ... Each F atom has three other pairs of electrons that do not participate in the bonding; they are called lone pair electrons.
2. There is another rule, called the duplet rule, that states that some elements can be stable with two electrons in their shell. Hydrogen and helium are special cases that do not follow the octet rule but the duplet rule. ... They are stable in a duplet state instead of an octet state.
3. An stable electronic configuration refer to an atom in which the outermost shell is complete. Whereas an unstable electronic configuration refers ta an atom in which the outermost shell is incomplete.
4. The key difference between electrovalent and covalent bond is that electrovalent bond occurs by transferring electrons from one atom to another whereas covalent bond occurs as a result of sharing valence electrons between atoms. An ionic bond is also called an electrovalent bond. Valence electrons, which are electrons located in the outermost shells of an atom, are involved in both types of chemical bonding.
Chemical bonding is the key to forming various types of chemical compounds. It acts as a glue to hold atoms or molecules together. The main purpose of chemical bonding is to produce a stable chemical compound. When a chemical bond forms, energy is released, forming a stable compound. There are three major types of chemical bonds known as ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic or non-covalent bond.
5. Single bond, Double bond and Triple bond
The two atoms can combine in different ways. One of the ways of forming bonds is sharing of electron to attain their nearest noble gas configuration. This way of bonding is known as covalent bonding and this is shown mainly by non-metals and H+. Metals need more than 4 electrons for sharing in order to attain stable configuration which is not possible due to high energy involvement.
Formation process of covalent bond between two atoms is as follows:
The two atoms combine to become stable.
The atoms become stable by losing energy.
When the outermost shell of an atom is completely filled, then it is in the lowest energy state (which is due to maximum no. of exchange of energy between the electrons present in the degenerate orbitals).
Hence, to attain stability, atoms achieve their nearest noble gas configuration.
Now to attain their nearest noble gas configuration, they share required no. of electrons from single or multiple atoms. This leads to the formation of single bond, double bond or triple bond.
single bond
The formations of these bonds are discussed below:
SINGLE BOND
When two atoms share one electron pair between each other, then they are said to be bonded by single covalent bond, denoted by single dash joining the atoms. For the formation of this bond, presence of an atom with single valency is required. The atoms with single valencies are halogens and hydrogen.
e.g. – Cl2, HCl, NH3 etc.
DOUBLE BOND
When two atoms share two electron pairs between each other, they are said to be bonded by double covalent bond, denoted by double dash joining the atoms. The atoms with double valency are chalcogens or the oxygen family.
E.g.:- O2, CO2 etc.
TRIPLE BOND
When two atoms share three electron pairs between each other, they are said to be bonded by triple covalent bond. Triple bond is denoted by three dash joining the atoms. The atoms with triple valency are pnictogen or the nitrogen family.
E.g.: N2 , C2H2 etc.
Chemical bonding has been one of the most fascinating themes in the field of science for the scientists and scholars.