Question

Differentiate between the formation of fold mountains and block mountains

Answer 1

Fold mountain

Fold mountains are mountains formed due mainly to the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust. In the time before either Plate tectonic theory developed, or the internal architecture of thrust belts became well understood, the term was used for most mountain belts, such as the Himalayas. The term is still prevalent in physical geography literature but has otherwise generally fallen out of use except as described below.The forces responsible for formation of the fold mountains are called Orogenic movements.The term "orogenic" is derived from a greek word meaning mountain building. These forces act at tangent to the surface of the earth and are primarily involved in plate tectonics.Fold mountains are generally formed in the less-deformed areas peripheral to areas strongly affected by thrust tectonics. Typically they are found in the foreland region where a major mechanically weak decollement horizon is present. The frontal thrust (or thrusts) propagate(s) a long distance along this horizon and subsequent movement on the thrust can give rise to a sequence of folds as the hanging wall of the thrust effectively crumples. The anticlinal crests may be high enough to form mountains. Most fold mountains are likely to be relatively young in geological terms as they will start to be eroded as soon as they are formed.

Block mountains

Fault-block or fault mountains are produced when normal (near vertical) faults fracture a section of continental crust. Vertical motion of the resulting blocks, sometimes accompanied by tilting, can then lead to high escarpments. These mountains are formed by the earth's crust being stretched and extended by tensional forces. Tilted blocks are common in the Basin and Range region of the western United States. Level blocks lead to the horst and graben terrain seen in northern Europe. Fault block mountains commonly accompany rifting, another indicator of tensional tectonic forces. Block mountains can also be referred to as a horst. It is a steep-sided mountain, formed where a block of the earth's crust has been squeezed upward between two parallel fault lines. Two types of block mountains are lifted and tilted. Lifted type block mountains have two steep sides exposing both sides scarps. Tilted type block mountains have one gently sloping side and one steep side with an exposed scarp.Monroe, James S., and Reed Wicander. The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution. 2nd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997.

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Answer 2

.Fold mountains are mountains formed due mainly to the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust. In the time before either Plate tectonic theory developed, or the internal architecture of thrust belts became well understood, the term was used for most mountain belts, such as the Himalayas. The term is still prevalent in physical geography literature but has otherwise generally fallen out of use except as described below.The forces responsible for formation of the fold mountains are called Orogenic movements.The term "orogenic" is derived from a greek word meaning mountain building. These forces act at tangent to the surface of the earth and are primarily involved in plate tectonics.Fold mountains are generally formed in the less-deformed areas peripheral to areas strongly affected by thrust tectonics. Typically they are found in the foreland region where a major mechanically weak decollement horizon is present. The frontal thrust (or thrusts) propagate(s) a long distance along this horizon and subsequent movement on the thrust can give rise to a sequence of folds as the hanging wall of the thrust effectively crumples. The anticlinal crests may be high enough to form mountains. Most fold mountains are likely to be relatively young in geological terms as they will start to be eroded as soon as they are formed. 

* The Jura mountains - A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges formed by folding over a Triassic evaporite decollement due to thrust movements in the foreland of the Alps. 
* The Zagros mountains - A seres of elongated anticlinal domes, mostly formed as fault bend folds over underlying thrusts in the foreland of the Zagros collisional belt 

Fault-block mountain (Block Mountains) 

Fault-block or fault mountains are produced when normal (near vertical) faults fracture a section of continental crust. Vertical motion of the resulting blocks, sometimes accompanied by tilting, can then lead to high escarpments. These mountains are formed by the earth's crust being stretched and extended by tensional forces. Tilted blocks are common in the Basin and Range region of the western United States. Level blocks lead to the horst and graben terrain seen in northern Europe. Fault block mountains commonly accompany rifting, another indicator of tensional tectonic forces. Block mountains can also be referred to as a horst. It is a steep-sided mountain, formed where a block of the earth's crust has been squeezed upward between two parallel fault lines. Two types of block mountains are lifted and tilted. Lifted type block mountains have two steep sides exposing both sides scarps. Tilted type block mountains have one gently sloping side and one steep side with an exposed scarp.Monroe, James S., and Reed Wicander. The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution. 2nd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997

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