Question

Differentiate between the various types of mutations and explain their origin on molecular basis

Answer 1

In gene mutation, one allele of a gene changes into a different allele. Because such a change takes place within a single gene and maps to one chromosomal locus (“point”), a gene mutation is sometimes called a point mutation. This terminology originated before the advent of DNAsequencing and therefore before it was routinely possible to discover the molecular basis for a mutational event. Nowadays, point mutations typically refer to alterations of single base pairs of DNA or of a small number of adjacent base pairs. In this chapter, we focus on such simple point mutations.

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Answer 2

Gene and chromosome are the two basic types of mutations and these differentiate from each other mainly based on magnitude of the alteration.  Gene mutation is small scaled alteration compared to the serious alteration that occurs in Chromosome.  Gene mutations can sometimes be corrected whereas, chromosome is hardly corrected. Gene mutation is change in nucleotide sequence in one gene. while, chromosomal is change in several genes.

In gene mutation, one allele changes into a different allele. Because the change takes place within a single gene and it maps to a single point also called as point mutation.