Question

differentiate between the various types of mutations and explain their origin on molecular basis

Answer 1

there are two types of mutations . 1) substitution and 2) frame shift
1) substitution
in this, there is replacement of one nitrogen base with another. it is of two types, transition and trans version.
in transition, one purine is replaced by another purine i . e A by G and vice versa and one pyrimidine by another i .e C by T And vice versa
in trans version, purine is replaced by pyrimidine and vice versa.
2) frame shift
in this, the sequence of nucleotides is changed, so that new codons develops. it is of two types 1) deletion and 2) insertion
for example- insertion of T in fat cat ate the rat will result in tfa tca tat eth t while deletion of f will results in Atc ata tet her at. both are meaningless . so are most mutations