Differentiate metals and non metals on the basis of their physical and chemical properties
Answers
Explanation:
Metal
1. Metals are electropositive.
2. They react with oxygen to form basic oxides.
3. These have ionic bonds.
4. They react with water to form oxides and hydroxides. Some metals react with cold water, some with hot water, and some with steam.
5. They react with dilute acids to form a salt and evolve
hydrogen gas. However, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Hg do not react.
6. They react with the salt solution of metals. Depending on their reactivity, displacement reaction can occur.
7. They act as reducing agents (as they can easily lose
electrons).
Non-metal
1. Non-metals are electronegative.
2. They react with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides.
3. These have covalent bonds.
4.They do not react with water.
5. They do not react with dilute acids. These are not capable of replacing hydrogen.
6. These react with the salt solution of
non-metals.
7. These act as oxidising agents (as they can gain electricity.
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Answer:
What are Metals?
Majority elements are metals. This includes alkali metals, transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, and alkaline earth metals. Metals are separated by nonmetals on a periodic table through a zigzag line starting from carbon, till radon. The elements between the two are phosphorus, selenium, and iodine. These elements and elements right to them in the periodic table are nonmetals. Elements present just to the left of the line are termed as semimetals or metalloids. These will have the combined properties of both metals and nonmetals.
What are Nonmetals?
Very few elements in the periodic table are nonmetals. These are present on the right-hand side in the periodic table. Elements that come under nonmetals are sulfur, carbon, all halogens, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, selenium, nitrogen, and noble gases.
Properties of Metals and Non Metals
Physical properties of metals
- Shiny (lustrous) in nature
- Metal is a good conductor of electricity and heat
- Density and melting point is high
- Mouldable (Malleable)
- Ductile
- At room temperature, it is in solid form except for mercury
- Opaque
Chemical properties of metals
- Easily corrodible
- Can lose electrons
- Form basic oxides
- Have lower electronegativities
- Good reducing agents
Physical properties of non-metals
- Poor conductors of electricity and heat
- Non-Ductile metals
- Brittle solids
- Maybe solids, liquids or gases at room temperature
- These are not sonorous
- Transparent
Chemical properties of non-metals
- The number of electrons in the outer shell is generally 4-8
- Easily gain or lose valence electrons
- Form acidic oxides whenever they come in contact with oxygen
- High electronegative elements
- Great oxidizing agents
Nonmetals and metals take different forms (allotropes). They have different shapes and properties. Allotropes are elements that exist in two or more than two different physical forms.