Question

Differentiation between the administration till system of Alauddin Khilji and Mohammad Tughlaq

Answer 1

Answer:

Administration of Alauddin Khalji :

1) He increases his large standing army to protect from invasion (defensive measure) because Delhi was attacked twice, in 1299/1300 AD and 1302-03 AD.

2) He increased his large standing army to attack on Transoxiana.

3) He constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers.

4) Soldiers were fed from the tax collected from the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna. Tax was fixed at 50 per cent of the produce.

5) He paid his soldiers salaries in cash rather than kind.  The soldiers were to buy their supplies from the local market. To stop the fear of price rise, he controlled the prices of goods. Prices were carefully monitor by officers, and if merchants did not sell at the prescribed rates were punished.

6) His administrative measures like Military Reforms, Revenue Reforms and Economic Reforms (Market Regulations) were quite successful. He successfully withstood the threat of Mongol invasions.

Administration of Muhammad Tughlaq

1) He increased his large standing army to attack on Transoxiana.

2) He evacuates four oldest cities of Delhi (Dehli-i Kuhna) and made soldiers garrison. The residents of the old city were relocated to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south.

3) The tax collected from the area between Ganga and Yamuna was used to feed the army. But to meet the need of the large number of soldiers the Sultan levied additional taxes, including those areas which were suffering from famine.

4) He paid salary in cash to the soldiers but never controlled the prices. He introduced the token system without royal verification somewhat like present-day paper currency, but made out of cheap metals, not gold and silver.

His administrative measures like shifting of capital; plans to invade Transoxiana and disbanded his large army; raising of taxes and famine in the Ganga-Yamuna belt led to widespread rebellion; and token system  were failure measures.

Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was one of the most interesting personalities of Medieval Indian history because he is popularly called by scholars as an intelligent fool; while Alauddin Khilji was a well-known personality of Medieval India as an efficient reformer and mighty ruler.

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