Differentiation results in specialisation
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Living organisms can be made of a single cell, such as bacteria and protists, or they can be multicellular, like plants, animals, and fungi. Unicellular organisms, like bacteria, are able to perform all life functions within one single cell. They can transport molecules, metabolize nutrients, and reproduce within this one cell.
Multicellular organisms need many different types of cells to carry out the same life processes. Each of these special types of cells has a different structure that helps it perform a specific function. Humans have many different types of cells with different jobs, such as blood cells that carry oxygen and nerve cells that transmit signals to all parts of the body. Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions.
When cells express specific genes that characterise a certain type of cell we say that a cell has become differentiated. ... Differentiated cells are important in a multicellular organism because they are able to perform a specialised function in the body. However, specialisation comes at a cost...