differntiate between fertilizers and manuress
Answers
Answer:
fertilizer are made up of chemicals.......
manures are naturally obtained from plants and animals......
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Fertilizers.......
Fertilizers are inorganic materials containing selective nutrients (1 to 3 nutrient elements): Urea(N), Diammonium phosphate (N, P), single super phosphate (P, S, Ca)
Fertilizers are concentrated in nutrients (Urea 46% N, Triple super phosphate 48% P2O5; Muriate of potash 60% K2O); calculated quantities (in kg per hectare) can be applied to supply precisely the required nutrients to plants.
Fertilizers contain no humus (organic material).
Fertilizers, when applied to soils, can have adverse side effects on soil health or soil quality: (a) increases soil acidity (lowering soil pH); (b) creates nutrient imbalances in soils leading to soil degradation when a single fertilizer (e.g., urea) is applied repeatedly; (c) could decrease soil structure, soil microbial diversity and soil water holding capacity as no organic matter (microbial food) is added to soils.
Most fertilizers are water soluble (N, K) and thus easily leached from soils with rainwater runoff or irrigation water, leading to groundwater pollution (nitrate pollution of groundwater) and contamination of surface water in rivers and oceans.
Manures....
Manures are the decomposed materials of plant and animal wastes including human wastes. Examples include animal manure (cow, goat, pig, horse, chicken, duck, etc), compost, vermi-compost, green manures (sesbania, glyricidia, sun-hemp, azolla, etc.) and so on.
Manures supply the valuable organic matter (and hence humus) to soils that can help build the soil health and increase soil microbial diversity. Remember soil is not inert, it is a living entity with billions and billions of microbes.
Manures contain multiple nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, micronutrients) but their concentration is very low (e.g., cow manure 0.5 to 1.0% N). Hence farmers have to apply organic manures in large quantities (10 to 20 metric tons per hectare) to supply enough nutrients to crops.
As manures are bulky, it is difficult to handle, transport and apply them to fields.
Availability of organic manures is limited. There are not enough organic manures to go around to all farms that produce the required food to feed the growing population. However, all the biodegradable wastes we produce every day can be converted into organic manures and bio-energy and thus supply a major part of the nutrient needs of crops. By doing this, we can solve the problem of solid waste (biodegradable) management and at the same time produce the valuable bio-energy plus the organic manures that can enrich the soil and build soil health.