Question

diffrence between respiratory system and breathing and photosynthesis

Answer 1

The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs.[1] Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs called alveoli in mammals and reptiles, but atria in birds. These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood.[2] These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi. These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and tertiary bronchi that branch into numerous smaller tubes, the bronchioles. In birds the bronchioles are termed parabronchi. It is the bronchioles, or parabronchi that generally open into the microscopic alveoli in mammals and atria in birds. Air has to be pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of breathing which involves the muscles of respiration.


Breathing is the physical process where you inhale and exhale air in and out of your lungs. ... The Carbon Dioxide, now in the air inside your lungs, is expelled when you exhale. The Oxygen is carried in your blood to the cells around your body. whererespiration takes place.

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.

Answer 2

Answer:

Breathing is also called ‘external respiration’ as it is an external process of taking oxygen in and throwing carbon dioxide out via respiratory organs.

The process of breathing in all vertebrates consists of highly branches network of tubes that connect the nose and the alveoli.

Breathing in repetitive cycles where the number of respiratory cycles in a minute is called breathing or respiratory rate.

Under normal conditions, the rate and depth of breathing are controlled by several homeostasis mechanisms to maintain the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

The mechanism of breathing involves contraction and relaxation of several muscles present in the thoracic cavity because the lungs are not capable of inflating on their own.

In humans and most vertebrates, the inflation of lungs is brought by the contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostals muscles, causing the rib cage to rise upwards and outwards.

During inhalation, the air is taken in through the nose that passes through the nasal passage, the pharynx, the larynx to reach the respiratory tree.

The respirator tree begins with the trachea that is divided into several narrower branches. The number of branches differs with organisms as humans have about 23 branches, whereas the respiratory tree of a mouse has up to 13 branches.

The air thus passes through these branches and finally reaches the alveoli. The exchange of gases takes place in the alveoli where the oxygen is diffused into the blood present in the blood vessels, and the carbon dioxide from the blood is diffused into the alveoli.

The carbon dioxide is then exhaled when the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles relax, causing the lungs to contract. The exhalation is a passive process.

The air in the lungs then gets pushed up and out, which causes it to pass through the trachea and nasal passage back to the atmosphere.

Breathing is a voluntary process and thus requires energy. Lack of energy might result in difficulty in breathing.

Respiration Definition

 

Respiration is a biochemical process to release energy from organic compounds which are then used for performing different physical activities.

Respiration is also called ‘internal respiration’ as it is an internal process of breaking down complex organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water while releasing energy.

Respiration, unlike breathing, occurs in all living organisms.

It is an involuntary process that occurs automatically if all the reactants for the reactions are available.

Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of all the cells throughout the body.

Respiration is a metabolic process where glucose is oxidized in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

Respiration can occur either in the presence of oxygen or in its absence. Respiration in the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration, whereas the respiration in the absence of oxygen is anaerobic.

The reactions involved in cellular respiration are catabolic reactions which break down complex compounds into simple ones.

The process of respiration is dependent on various enzymes that catalyze different steps in the metabolic pathway. These enzymes regulate the rate and direction of these reactions.

These enzymes are present on the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane or in the cytoplasm. The enzymes for glycolysis are present in the cytoplasm, but the enzymes for Kreb’s cycles are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Cellular respiration occurs through a number of cycles like glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. All of these reactions together result in a large amount of energy and oxidation of organic compounds.

The nutrients that are commonly used by organisms during respiration are carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids. The most common oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen, although other chemicals like sulphur and nitrogen can also be used.

Although respiration is mostly associated with the release of carbon dioxide gas, other forms of respiration like fermentation are also equally important.

Fermentation forms the basis of alcohol formation. Similarly, other anaerobic respiration processes like lactic acid fermentation and propionic acid fermentation are essential for the production of cheese and other milk products.

Respiration is an important metabolic process as it is mostly a passive process, resulting in a large number of ATPs.

Explanation: