Question

difine dipole moment?

Answer 1

the mathematical product of the separation of the ends of a dipole and the magnitude of the charges.
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Answer 2

A dipole moment is simply the measure of net polarity in a molecule. If a molecule contains polar bonds that are unevenly distributed about the center, there will be an uneven charge distribution across the entire molecule, making it a polar molecule. Polar molecules exhibit a large difference in electrical charge (a positive end and a negative end), otherwise known as a dipole moment.
For example, ammonia (NHsub3) is a polar molecule. As you can see, ammonia consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Since nitrogen has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen, the electrons that they share are drawn towards nitrogen and away from hydrogen. This gives nitrogen a partial negative charge (which is denoted in the figure by a minus sign on N) and hydrogen a partial positive charge (which is denoted by a plus sign on each H). The presence of both a positive and negative charge on the molecule means that ammonia is polar and therefore exhibits a net dipole moment.


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