Question

Dipole moment and explain it with reference to the alkyl halide

Answer 1

The term dipole moment can be defined either with respect to chemical bonds or with respect to molecules.

Majorly dipole moment is divided into 2 types

1. Bond Dipole Moment

2.Molecular Dipole moment

These are generally based on the Partial Charges on the atoms and also the distance between atoms.

Formula for dipole moment:

Dipole moment=partial charge*distance

In the above dipole order you have write for Halo Alkanes R-Cl tends to have a higher Dipole than R-F.

Because in R-F due to the higher electronegativity of fluorine the distance between the Carbon in R and the Fluorine is very less than the charges.

Dipole which is a product of the two tends to be less than that of R-Cl in which the distance between the Carbon in R and Chlorine is much higher.

In the R-Br and R-I even thought the distances between atoms are comparably longer the partial charges acquired are very small

so they tend to have a lower Dipole moment.