Question

direct effects of tourism and suggest remedies to control it​

Answer 1

Answer:

hope it's helpful to you

Answer 2

Explanation:

Having its roots in the ancient history of civilizations, tourism has developed to become one of world’s most important industrial sectors, growing twice as fast as the world’s gross domestic product (GDP) for the last 30 years. According to the Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization (WTO) Francesco Frangialli [1], ‘tourism at the turn of the century is growing faster than even our most optimistic predictions’, and is forecasted to double in the next 20 years.

The large importance of tourism-related revenues for the world’s economy, particularly for developing countries and small islands, continuously dictate the creation of policies that support its development worldwide. However, rapid expansions of tourist resorts have many negative aspects with regard to the potential of inflicting damages on nature, communities, cultures and societies. This dual nature of tourism, projected onto its forecasted growth, requires an urgent integration of preventative approaches in all tourism strategies, development plans and actions, at all levels of governance and organization, in order to avoid the risk of ‘too much tourism killing tourism’.

Among all types of leisure activities, mass tourism is most frequently held responsible for tourism-related damages. Considered incompatible with the concept of sustainability, mass tourism has recently been recognized within the tourism literature, as potentially being capable of more responsible activities and able to integrate sustainability principles. However, to date not much has been done to identify applicable solutions for the mass tourism industry to put these principles into practice. Inclined to study concepts like eco-tourism or alternative tourism, the tourism research community has largely overlooked the problems caused by mass tourism in relation to sustainability. This is a vast research area that needs urgent attention from researchers and practitioners.

Avoiding the debate on the implications of sustainable tourism as a concept, this paper starts from the proposition that ‘sustainable tourism’ cannot be achieved if mass tourism practices are not adjusted to integrate sustainability. By identifying the tour operators as central players in the mass tourism system, and hoping to facilitate a constructive debate on their potential to actively promote sustainability, this paper focuses upon the less visible but very extensive influence that large tour operators have on other stakeholders. The author is convinced that they can use their influence to trigger positive changes in attitudes and practices towards sustainable tourism.

2. Tourism’s global importance

The term ‘largest industry in the world’ is commonly used with reference to tourism, following its recognition as the largest generator of wealth (over 11.7% of the global gross domestic product) and employment (7% of the world’s jobs) [3]. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) estimates that tourism is among the top five export earners for 83% of all countries and the top source of foreign exchange for at least 38% of all countries [4]. Comparing export earnings of different industrial sectors, tourism ranked top earner in 1998 (Fig. 1 ) surpassing all other international trade categories; this is a crucial reason for investors’ preference of tourism over other economic sectors.