Question

Disadvantages of file management system?​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Data Redundancy:

It is possible that the same information may be duplicated in different files.this leads to data redundancy results in memory wastage.

2. Data Inconsistency:

Because of data redundancy,it is possible that data may not be in consistent state.

3. Difficulty in Accessing Data:

Accessing data is not convenient and efficient in file processing system.

4. Limited Data Sharing:

Data are scattered in various files.also different files may have different formats and these files may be stored in different folders may be of different departments.

So, due to this data isolation, it is difficult to share data among different applications.

5. Integrity Problems:

Data integrity means that the data contained in the database in both correct and consistent.for this purpose the data stored in database must satisfy correct and constraints.

6. Atomicity Problems:

Any operation on database must be atomic.

this means, it must happen in its entirely or not at all.

7. Concurrent Access Anomalies:

Multiple users are allowed to access data simultaneously.this is for the sake of better performance and faster response.

8. Security Problems:

Database should be accessible to users in limited way.

Each user should be allowed to access data concerning his requirements only

Answer 2

Answer:

File system data management (or flat-file databases) served as the only method of file storage and retrieval before the advent of database management systems (such as relational databases). While retaining some use, flat-file databases suffer from poor accessibility, data redundancy, lack of standard file access and the inability to organize data.

Data Redundancy

Since flat-file databases rely on files that contain records as text without any structural data, they cannot relate data from one file to another. For example, if one file contains an address record of Mr. Johnson, another file that uses address information on Mr. Johnson has to recreate that data. The second file must duplicate the data. This means that the address data on Mr. Johnson exists in two files at once. On large scales, this leads to data redundancy that can quickly take up space in the database and prove cost-inefficient.

Limited User Access

Flat-file systems usually do not support access for multiple users. This means that multiple users at different workstations cannot access the same data simultaneously, limiting access to important data if multiple users search for the same data at the same time

Lack of Storage and Access Standards

Since a flat-file system relies on files to store data, it necessarily relies on the file system that defines how those files are stored and read. This ties data to the system that stores it, and any software used to access the data must conform to the system of storage. Accordingly, any changes to the database require changes to all the software that accesses it.

Lack of Transactions

Requesting data from a flat-file database simply retrieves data from a single file. Requesting and retrieving data from various files at the same time (called a "transaction") is impossible. This means that complex requests that make data retrieval accurate and efficient simply do not exist.