Question

Discharge of reciprocating pump

Answer 1

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Answer 2

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Reciprocating pumps can be best defined as equipment which pushes/moves liquid by a piston, plunger or a diaphragm (also known as three classes of reciprocating pumps) that results in a reciprocating motion inside a closed fitted cylinder. Let us first understand the components used in a reciprocating pump which shall help understand the working of the same.

The key components used in reciprocating pumps are

Piston, Plunger or a diaphragm: All these parts have the basic functionality of moving the liquid inside the cylinder. Piston is a lubricated sliding shaft which moves inside the cylinder and pushes the liquid in forward and backward motion, creating a cavity and a high volume pressure at the outlet. In a diaphragm pump, diaphragm is used to avoid leaking of the liquid since it completely seals the liquid to penetrate outside, and hence they are especially useful when the liquids are dangerous or toxic. In a plunger pump there is a high-pressure seal which is stationary and a smooth cylindrical plunger slides through the seal.
Crank and Connecting rod: Crank is a circular disk attached to the motor and used to transfer the rotation motion of the motor to the piston. Piston, in turn, moves in a reciprocating motion with help of a connecting rod.
Suction pipe: Liquid flows from this pipe into the cylinder. One side of the pipe is immersed in the liquid and the other end in connected to the cylinder.
Delivery pipe: This can be understood as an outlet pipe. One end is connected to the cylinder while the other is towards the discharge/Outlet.
Suction and Delivery valve: It adjusts the rate of the flow of liquid at the suction and discharge points.
Reciprocating pumps are different from Centrifugal pumps on basis of its working, features, applications etc. The main difference is that Impellers are used in Centrifugal pumps where as in reciprocating pumps piston is used to move the liquid. Centrifugal pumps continuously discharge the liquid unlike reciprocating pump. They are used for high viscous fluid and are lighter in weight, less expensive as compared to reciprocating pumps.


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