discourse of globalization
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The discourse of globalization and the globalization of discourse Globalization has been described as an idea whose time has come (Held et al, 1999). It has been pored over by economists, social scientists, geographers and business analysts, and many, often imprecise, definitions of the phenomenon have been offered.
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The discourse of globalization and the globalization of discourse Globalization has been described as an idea whose time has come (Held et al, 1999). It has been pored over by economists, social scientists, geographers and business analysts, and many, often imprecise, definitions of the phenomenon have been offered. It has generated fierce debate between adherents to at least three standpoints, and the meaning to be derived from empirical data has been argued over to such a degree that what the term ‘globalization’ actually describes of the world around us is far from clear and very much further from consensus. The term has been used somewhat glibly at times, but also has been wielded as a heavyweight rhetorical resource, both in the context of scholarly work and in the wider practices and events of day-to-day life. In this chapter we examine globalization from the perspective of discourse, with particular reference to A project still in its embryonic stage, the main focus here is on the heuristic approach that can be used in the exploratory study of partisan attitudes, with a clear view to assessing its pertinence prior to a more systematic textual corpus analysis 1 , and to confront it with comparable attempts at mapping attitudinal preferences at party level in Western Europe and elsewhere (hence the participation in the ECPR workshop). An extension of Mair's argument on Europe to globalisation and immigration, and an attempt to combine party system approach with the social constructivist perspective underpinning critical discourse analysis (Fairclough & Thomas, 2004), this paper builds upon the concept of discursive repertoiresdefined as articulated ideational formations produced and deployed interactively through the combination of discourses available to social actors operating in a given field (Bourdieu, 1977;Campbell, 2002;Korteweg, 2003)-to which partisan elites can have recourse under specific party system constraints and/or windows of opportunity for the purpose of mass mobilisation. From this party system perspective, the study of party-based attitudes to immigration, economic globalisation and Europe shall therefore look at the extant sets of discursive accounts upon which political actors may draw to maximise their appeal to voters in the first order arena, within the boundaries set by the necessity to achieve a politically acceptable level of ideological consistency and policy-homogeneity to avoid dissonance with their core value system and that of their traditional electoral constituency Recontextualisation -defined as the dialectical process of bringing into focus movements between genres and discourses from one network of practices to another (Fairclough & Thomas, 2004)-is crucial to the understanding of how Europe has been constructed as a political issue in France -mostly by peripheral actors; it was equally central to the making of the key policy areas that structured the core of the ECT-referendum campaign on socioeconomic issues rather than EU institutional reform and the extension of qualified majority voting in the Council of Ministers, the move towards a more politically integrated Europe or the inclusion of the Charter of Fundamental Rights into the Constitutional Treaty (Ivaldi, 2006a). The analysis of the referendum debate shows how the intensive deployment of representations of globalisation, Europeanisation and immigration by party elites was tactically intertwined with domestic issues through the specific process of 'wide-ranging recontextualisation'.