discribe differmet types of pollination
Answers
Answer:
Pollination: Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma. The two types of pollination found in flowering plants are: Self pollination: that occurs within the same plant. Cross-pollination: that occurs between two flowers of two different plants but of the same kind.
Explanation:
There are basically two types of pollination one is self-pollination other is cross-pollination.
While self-pollination is the primary type of pollination, cross-pollination is a bit complex. Now we are going to study self and cross-pollination in detail.
Self-Pollination
This type of pollination deals with only one flower and hence it is quite a basic type of pollination. When pollen grain from the male part of the flower (anther) falls directly on the stigma which is the female part of the same flower and fertilisation occurs, such type of pollination is called self-pollination. The plants that undergo self-pollination are referred to as self-pollinating plants. Some examples of self-pollinating plants are: wheat, apricot, rice, peanut etc.
Self-pollination though itself is a type of pollination, it further has sub-categories as well. Let's study about them as types of self-pollination.
Types of Self-Pollination
Self-pollination can be of two types.
Autogamy
Geitonogamy
Autogamy
This type of self-pollination occurs where the transfer of sperm cells from the pollen grain to the stigma takes place within the same flower.
Autogamy is possible under some circumstances like
Both the anther and the stigma of the same flower should be open
Stigma should be prepared to receive the pollen when released from the anther
Anther and stigma should be close enough
Geitonogamy
This type of self-pollination occurs when transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant to the female part of the plant takes place in different flowers but of the same plant.
Geitonogamy seems more of a cross-pollination and requires pollination agent but since it occurs in the same plant is called self-pollination.
Cross-Pollination
This type of pollination is more complex as here the transfer of pollen grain occurs from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower. Cross-pollination is also called xenogamy. The movement of pollen grains in cross-pollination is possible through pollinating agents. Pollinating agents can be anything like animals, insects, winds and some other abiotic and biotic things. Generally, cross-pollination occurs in bright colour flowers as their colour and odour attracts the insects like bees. Some of the cross-pollination plants are lavender, strawberry, apple, dandelion etc.
Types of Cross-Pollination
Pollination through biotic factors like animals, insects, birds etc.
Pollination through abiotic factors like wind, water etc.
Pollination through biotic factors involve the movement of pollen grains when they stick to some biotic agent like animals or bees or insects and as these agents move the stuck pollen grains get transported to another plant and fertilisation takes place.
Pollination through abiotic factors involve the movement of pollen grains when the wind blows or water is sprinkled or the rainwater spreads.
Let's have a look at wind pollination and through this, we will get to know about the pollination through other abiotic agents as well.
In wind pollination, pollination occurs through movement of pollen from the anther of one flower to stigma of other flowers by the wind. Plants that get pollinated by wind are called wind-pollinated plants.