discribe the different in ruler socity during the period 600 BCE - 600 CE
Answers
Economic condition:
i.Acccording to Jataka and Panchatantrathe relationship between a king and his subjects, could often be strained –kings frequently tried to fill their coffers by demanding high taxes.The peasants particularly found demands oppressive. Escaping into the forest remained an option.
ii.Different strategies such as
(a) shift to plough agriculture,
(b)iron ploughshare for the growth in agricultural productivity,
(c) the use of irrigation, through wells and tanks, and less commonly,
canals were adopted for increasing production.
iii.From the early centuries of the Common Era, the grants of land being made. For example the inscriptions of Prabhavati Gupta.
iv.Some historians feel that land grants were part of a strategy adopted by ruling lineages to extend agriculture to new areas.
v.Others suggest that land grants were indicative of weakening political power: as kings were losing control over their samantas, they tried to win allies by making grants of land. They also feel that kings tried to project themselves as supermen.
vi.Land grants provide some insight into the relationship between cultivators and the state.
vii.There were people who were often beyond the reach of officials or samantas: pastoralists, fisherfolk and hunter-gatherers, mobile or semi-sedentary artisans and shifting cultivators.
B-Social condition:
i.There was a growing differentiation amongst people engaged in agriculture –landless agricultural labourers, small peasants, as well as large landholders.
ii.The large landholders, as well as the village headman emerged as powerful figures, and often exercised control over other cultivators.
iii.Early Tamil literature (the Sangam texts) also mentions different categories of people living in the villages –large landowners or vellalar, ploughmen or uzhavarand slavesor adimai.
iv.It is likely that these differences were based on differential access to land, labour and some of the new technologies.
v.Gahapatiwas the owner, master or head of the household and also ownerof the resources –land, animals and other things –that belonged to the household.
vi.Sometimes the term was used as a marker of status for men belonging to the urban elite, including wealthy merchants.
Explanation:
mark these and as brain list answer