Discribe the general characteristics of The Five Kingdoms
Answers
Answer:
R.H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification in 1969. This classification was based upon certain characters like mode of nutrition, thallus organization, cell structure, phylogenetic relationships and reproduction. This form of kingdom classification includes five kingdoms Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Kingdom Monera-
Features of Monerans:-
i)Bacteria occur everywhere and they are microscopic in nature.
ii)They possess a cell wall and are prokaryotic.
iiilThe cell wall is formed of amino acids and polysaccharides.
iv)Bacteria can be heterotrophic and autotrophic.
The heterotrophic bacteria can be parasitic or saprophytic. The autotrophic bacteria can be chemosynthetic or photosynthetic.
Kingdom Protista-
Features:-
i)They are unicellular and eukaryotic organisms.
ii)Some of them have cilia or flagella for mobility.
iii)Sexual reproduction is by a process of cell fusion and zygote formation.
Kingdom Fungi
The kingdom fungi include moulds, mushroom, yeast etc. They show a variety of applications in domestic as well as commercial purposes.
Kingdom Fungi-
Features:-
i)The fungi are filamentous, excluding yeast (single-celled).
ii)Their figure comprises of slender, long thread-like constructions called hyphae. The web of hyphae is called mycelium.
iii)Some of the hyphae are unbroken tubes which are jam-packed with multinucleated cytoplasm. Such hyphae are labelled Coenocytic hyphae.
iv)The other type of hyphae has cross-walls or septae.
The cell wall of fungi is composed of polysaccharides and chitin.
v)Most of the fungi are saprophytes and are heterotrophic.
vi)Some of the fungi also survive as symbionts. Some are parasites. Some of the symbiont fungi live in association with algae, like lichens. Some of the symbiont fungi live in association with roots of higher plants, as mycorrhiza.
Kingdom Plantae-
Features of Kingdom Plantae:-
i)The kingdom Plantae is filled with all eukaryotes which have chloroplast.
ii)Most of them are autotrophic in nature, but some are heterotrophic as well.
iii)The Cell wall mainly comprises of cellulose.
iv)Plants have two distinct phases in their lifecycle. These phases alternate with each other. The diploid saprophytic and the haploid gametophytic phase. The lengths of the diploid and haploid phases vary among dissimilar groups of plants. Alternation of Generation is what this phenomenon is called.
Kingdom Animalia-
Features of Kingdom Animalia:-
i)All multicellular eukaryotes which are heterotrophs and lack cell wall are set aside under this kingdom.
ii)The animals are directly or indirectly dependent on food on plants. Their mode of nutrition is holozoic. Holozoic nutrition encompasses ingestion of food and then the use of an internal cavity for digestion of food.
iii)Many of the animals are adept for locomotion.
iv)They reproduce by sexual mode of reproduction.
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