Question

Discribe the ground state of Lathanide and Actinides​

Answer 1

Answer:

The lanthanide and actinide series make up the inner transition metals.

The lanthanide series includes elements 58 to 71, which fill their 4f sublevel progressively.

The actinides are elements 89 to 103 and fill their 5f sublevel progressively.

Actinides are typical metals and have properties of both the d-block and the f-block elements, but they are also radioactive.

Lanthanides have different chemistry from transition metals because their 4f orbitals are shielded from the atom’s environment.

Answer 2

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°°° Solution °°°

• (i) Electronic configuration
• lanthanoids have general electronic configuration [Xe]4f
• 1−14 5d 0−16s 2
• . Actinoids have general electronic configuration [Rn]5f
• 1−146d 0−1 7s 2

.

• In lanthanoids, 4f orbital is filled and in actinoids, 5f orbital is filled.

• (ii) Atomic and ionic sizes
• The atomic and ionic sizes of lanthanoids and actinoids decrease with increase in the atomic number due to lanthanoid and actinoid contraction.

• (iii) Oxidation stateApart from +3 oxidation state, lanthanoids show +2 and +4 oxidation states due to large energy gap between 4f and 5d subshells. Whereas actinoids show large number of oxidation states due to small energy gap between 5f and 6d subshells.

• (iv) Chemical reactivity
• Highly electropositive lanthanoids have almost similar chemical reactivity. Actinoids (electropostive and highly reactive) are more reactive (specially in finely divided state) than lanthanoids.