Discribe unification of ITALY and GERMANY
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Explanation:
Unification of Italy : ... During the middle of the 19th century Italy was divided into seven state of which only sardinia piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. The unification process was led by three revolutionary -Giuseppe mazzini, count camillo de cavour and Giuseppe garibaldi.
Answer:
Explanation:
UNIFICATION OF ITALY
1) Italy, a fragmented state: Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multinational Hasburg empire. During the middle of the the 19th century, Italy was divided into 7 states of which only Sardinia Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
2) Role of Giuseppe Mazzini: He was the leader of the Republic party. While in exile in 1831, he found new associations called the Young Italy. It was a secret society which was formed to bring about regeneration of Italy through education.
3) Role of Cavour: Cavour became the chief minister of piedmont in 1852. His main aim was to affect the emancipation of Italy from Austria. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat but is know as the real maker of Italy.
4) Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi: He was the hero of the ‘Red Shirts’ revolutionary movement. In 1860, he marched into South Italy and the kingdom of Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local people in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.
5) Victor Emmanuel II: In 1861, the first Italian parliament representing the whole of Italy, excepting Rome and Venetia assembled in twin which formally conferred upon Victor Emmanuel II, the title of the king of Italy.
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UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
1) Frankfurt parliament 1848: The Frankfurt parliament tried its best for the unification of Germany under the leadership of King Wilhem IV, but failed.
2) Unification under the leadership of Prussia: This liberal initiative to nation building was however repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military supported by the large landowners of Prussia. From then on, Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification.
3) Role of Bismarck: Bismarck was one of the greatest son’s of Prussia who accomplished the supreme task of the unification of Germany with the help of the army bureaucracy. He wanted to achieve his aim not by merging Prussia into Germany but rather by expanding Prussia into Germany.
4) 3 years: Bismarck’s object of unified Germany was accomplished by 3 wars which were fought during a brief period of 1864 - 1870.
5) Final unification of Germany: The 3 wars ended in Prussian victory and helped in completing the process of unification. On January 18, 1871 in the royal palace of Versailles, the king of Prussia was crowned as the emperor of Germany.
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