discus the human heart function
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The functions of human heart
* It is a four chambered structure consisting - the right auricle , the left auricle , right ventricle and left ventricle.
* The Auricles are smaller and placed above the ventricles. Auricles are partitioned by a muscular called septum.
* The right auricle receives the deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body except the lungs. It pumps this blood into the right ventricle. Then , the right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left auricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins. It pumps this blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to the distant organs in the body.
* Each auricle communicates with the ventricle of its side by a pore which is guarded by valves. These valves allow the blood to flow from the auricles to the ventricles but check its return to the auricles. Thus , the heart there is a complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The heart is enclosed in a double membrane called pericardium. It contains fluid which protects the heart from any shock or mechanical injury.
*The heart collects blood through both the auricles and then distributes it through ventricles. The action of heart includes contraction and relaxation of the auricles and ventricles.
* A contraction of heart is called systole and diastole. The contraction and relaxation occur in an automatic rhythmic fashion. The auricles and ventricles contract alternately. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart is called a heart beat.
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In the pulmonary circuit, deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle of the heart via the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs, then returns as oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein.
In the systemic circuit, oxygenated blood leaves the body via the left ventricle to the aorta, and from there enters the arteries and capillaries where it supplies the body's tissues with oxygen. Deoxygenated blood returns via veins to the venae cavae, re-entering the heart's right atrium.
Of course, the heart is also a muscle, so it needs a fresh supply of oxygen and nutrients, too, Phillips said.

The cardiovascular system circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and around the body via blood vessels. Original Image
Credit: The BioDigital HumanTM developed by NYU School of Medicine and BioDigital Systems LLC
"After the blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, two sets of arteries bring oxygenated blood to feed the heart muscle," he said. The left main coronary artery, on one side of the aorta, branches into the left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex artery. The right coronary artery branches out on the right side of the aorta.
Blockage of any of these arteries can cause a heart attack, or damage to the muscle of the heart, Phillips said. A heart attack is distinct from cardiac arrest, which is a sudden loss of heart function that usually occurs as a result of electrical disturbances of the heart rhythm. A heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest, but the latter can also be caused by other problems, he said.

The heart contains electrical "pacemaker" cells, which cause it to contract — producing a heartbeat.
"Each cell has the ability to be the 'band leader' and [to] have everyone follow," Phillips said. In people with an irregular heartbeat, or atrial fibrillation, every cell tries to be the band leader, he said, which causes them to beat out of sync with one another.
A healthy heart contraction happens in five stages. In the first stage (early diastole), the heart is relaxed. Then the atrium contracts (atrial systole) to push blood into the ventricle. Next, the ventricles start contracting without changing volume. Then the ventricles continue contracting while empty. Finally, the ventricles stop contracting and relax. Then the cycle repeats.
Valves prevent backflow, keeping the blood flowing in one direction through the heart.
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