discuss about the birth of socialism.
Answers
Answer:
This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.
The history of socialism has its origins in the 1789 French Revolution and the changes which it brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed scientific socialism. In the last third of the 19th century, social democratic parties arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism. The Australian Labor Party was the world's first elected socialist party when it formed government in the Colony of Queensland for a week in 1899.[1]
In the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union and the communist parties of the Third International around the world mainly came to represent socialism in terms of the Soviet model of economic development and the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production, although other trends condemned what they saw as the lack of democracy. In the United Kingdom, Herbert Morrison said that "socialism is what the Labour government does" whereas Aneurin Bevan argued that socialism requires that the "main streams of economic activity are brought under public direction", with an economic plan and workers' democracy.[2] Some argued that capitalism had been abolished.[3] Socialist governments established the mixed economy with partial nationalisations and social welfare.
By 1968, the prolonged Vietnam War (1959–1975) gave rise to the New Left, socialists who tended to be critical of the Soviet Union and social democracy. Anarcho-syndicalists and some elements of the New Left and others favoured decentralised collective ownership in the form of cooperatives or workers' councils. Socialists have also adopted the causes of other social movements such as environmentalism, feminism and progressivism.[4] At the turn of the 21st century in Latin America, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez championed what he termed socialism of the 21st century, which included a policy of nationalisation of national assets such as oil, anti-imperialism and termed himself a Trotskyist supporting permanent revolution.[5]
Origins of socialism
Marxism and the socialist movement
First International
Paris Commune
Second International
Anarchism
Social democracy and split with the communists
Inter-war era and World War II
Post-war era
Final years for the Soviet Union
Socialism in China since the Cultural Revolution
21st century socialism in Latin America
Emergence of a New Left in the developed world
See also
Notes and references
Further reading
External links
Last edited 7 days ago by Comrade-yutyo
RELATED ARTICLES
Communism
Political ideology and socioeconomic system advocating common ownership without classes, money or the state
Revolutionary socialism
Socialist political ideology stressing revolution
Socialist state
sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism
Wikipedia
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
Privacy policyTerms of UseDesktop