discuss any four major hindrances in the development of nationalism
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Vastness of the Country:
Both from the point of view of geographical extension and demographic composition, India is a vast country. Despite the development in the means of communication, people are still living in inaccessible areas without having any close contact with the national mainstream. They are cut off from the rest of the society. It affects the geographical and emotional integration of the people.
People of different regions attempt to have their regional and local interest over and above the national interests. The regional disparity in economic development creates widespread discontentment among the people of different regions, particularly in north-eastern states of India. Regionalism also finds its expression in various ways like demands for statehood, more autonomy or for special privileges. It also exists in the form of secessionism which aggressively affects the spirit of integration.
Linguism:
People, communicating through a common language, always develop close intimacy among themselves. Language based regionalism has taken serious turn in India. The strong controversy over the issue of Hindi as the national language has created a conflict between the North and South India.
The Constitutional guarantee of protection to the language of minority groups, the three language formula, the Official Languages Act etc. though to a some extent, has resolved the problem of linguism in India, yet occasional conflict goes on. Linguistic pluralism is operating as an impediment in the way of national integration in India.
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