Question

Discuss both the types of inductive effects with examples.

Answer 1

Answer:

● Inductive effect -

An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion.

Positive inductive effect refers to electron releasing tendency of functional groups. For example, alkyl, aryl, metals, etc.

Negative inductive effect refers to electron accepting tendency of functional groups. For example, halogens, nitro, amine, alcohol, aldehyde, etc.

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Answer 2

Answer:

There are two categories of inductive effects: the electron-withdrawing (-I effect) and the electron-releasing (+I effect). The latter is also called the electron-donating effect. In the image above, X X X is electron-withdrawing and Y Y Y is electron-donating.