Discuss briefly Lenin's contribution to the Marxism?
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Explanation:
Marxism–Leninism is a political philosophy based on the ideas of orthodox Marxism and Leninism that seeks to establish a socialist state and develop it further into socialism and then communism, a classless social system with common ownership of the means of production and with full social equality of all members of society.Marxist–Leninists espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of Marxism and Leninism, but they generally support the idea of a vanguard party, a communist party-led state, state-dominance over the economy, internationalism, opposition to bourgeois democracy and opposition to capitalism. Marxism–Leninism was developed by Joseph Stalin in the late 1920s based on his understanding and synthesis of both Marxism and Leninism. It was the official state ideology of the Soviet Union and the other ruling political parties making up the Eastern Bloc as well as the parties of the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of Stalinist and Maoist parties around the world and remains the official ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam.
After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Marxism–Leninism became a distinct philosophical movement in the Soviet Union when Stalin and his supporters gained control of the party. It rejected the common notions among Marxists at the time of world revolution as a prerequisite for building socialism in Russia in favour of the concept of socialism in one country and of a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism, signified by its supporters with the introduction of the first five-year plan and the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The internationalism of Marxism–Leninism was expressed in supporting revolutions in foreign countries (e.g. initially through the Communist International or through the concept of socialist-leaning countries after de-Stalinisation. By the late 1920s, Stalin established ideologic orthodoxy among the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the Soviet Union and the Communist International to establish universal Marxist–Leninist praxis. In the late 1930s, Stalin's official textbook History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (1938) made the term Marxism–Leninism common political-science usage among communists and non-communists.
The goal of Marxism–Leninism is the revolutionary transformation of a capitalist state into a socialist state by way of two-stage revolution led by a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries drawn from the proletariat. To realise the two-stage transformation of the state, the vanguard party establishes the dictatorship of the proletariat (as opposed to that of the bourgeoisie) and determines policy through democratic centralism.The Marxist–Leninist communist party is the vanguard for the political, economic and social transformation of a capitalist society into a socialist society which is the lower stage of socio-economic development and progress towards the upper-stage communist society which is stateless and classless. It features public ownership of the means of production, accelerated industrialisation, pro-active development of society's productive forces (research and development) and nationalised natural resources.