discuss briefly the distribution of soils in india
Answers
Answer:
red soil, lateriate soil,
⚘ ᴀʟʟᴜᴠɪᴀʟ sᴏɪʟ:
● Mostly available soil in India (about 43%) which covers an area of 143 sq.km.
● Widespread in northern plains and river valleys.
●In peninsular-India, they are mostly found in deltas and estuaries.
● Humus, lime and organic matters are present.
⚘ ʀᴇᴅ sᴏɪʟ:
● Seen mainly in low rainfall area.
● Also known as Omnibus group.
● Porous, friable structure.
● Absence of lime, kankar (impure calcium carbonate).
● Deficient in: lime, phosphate, manganese, nitrogen, humus and potash.
● Colour: Red because of Ferric oxide. The lower layer is reddish yellow or yellow.
● Texture: Sandy to clay and loamy.
● Wheat, cotton, pulses, tobacco, oilseeds, potato etc are cultivated.
⚘ ʙʟᴀᴄᴋ sᴏɪʟ / ʀᴇɢᴜʀ sᴏɪʟ:
● Regur means cotton – best soil for cotton cultivation.
● Most of the Deccan is occupied by Black soil.
● Mature soil.
● Rich in: Iron, lime, calcium, potassium, aluminum and magnesium.
● Deficient in: Nitrogen, Phosphorous and organic matter.
● Colour: Deep black to light black.
● Texture: Clayey.
⚘ ʟᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴛᴇ sᴏɪʟ:
● Name from Latin word ‘Later’ which means Brick.
● Become so soft when wet and so hard when dried.
● In the areas of high temperature and high rainfall.
● Formed as a result of high leaching.
● Rich in: Iron and Aluminum
● Deficient in: Nitrogen, Potash, Potassium, Lime, Humus
● Colour: Red colour due to iron oxide.
● Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane and Cashew nuts are cultivated mainly.
⚘ ᴅᴇsᴇʀᴛ / ᴀʀɪᴅ sᴏɪʟ:
● Seen under Arid and Semi-Arid conditions.
● Deposited mainly by wind activities.
● High salt content.
● Lack of moisture and Humus.
● Kankar or Impure Calcium carbonate content is high which restricts the infiltration of water.
● Nitrogen is insufficient and Phosphate is normal.
● Texture: Sandy
● Colour: Red to Brown.
⚘ ᴘᴇᴀᴛʏ / ᴍᴀʀsʜʏ sᴏɪʟ:
● Areas of heavy rainfall and high humidity.
● Growth of vegetation is very less.
● A large quantity of dead organic matter/humus which makes the soil alkaline.
● Heavy soil with black colour
⚘ ғᴏʀᴇsᴛ sᴏɪʟ:
● Regions of high rainfall.
● Humus content is less and thus the soil is acidic.
⚘ ᴍᴏᴜɴᴛᴀɪɴ sᴏɪʟ:
● In the mountain regions of the country.
● Immature soil with low humus and acidic.
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