Discuss decline and growth of population of the settlement and suggest reasons
Answers
Answer:
A population decline (sometimes underpopulation or depopulation or population collapse) in humans is a reduction in a human population size caused by short term events such as pandemics, wars, famines or other catastrophes, or by long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility rate, or persistent emigration. Even though short-term population shocks have caused terrible loss of life and human misery, sometimes lasting several centuries, over the long-term, stretching from prehistory to the present, this planet's human population has continued to grow. However, current events suggest that this long-term trend may be coming to an end.[1] Up until the beginning of the industrial revolution, global population grew very slowly. After about 1800 the growth rate accelerated to a peak of 2.1% annually in 1968; but since then, due to the world-wide collapse of the total fertility rate, it has declined to 1.1% today (2020).[2]
Explanation:
Causes. A reduction over time in a region's population can be caused by sudden adverse events such as outbursts of infectious disease, famine, and war or by long-term trends, for example sub-replacement fertility, persistently low birth rates, high mortality rates, and continued emigration.
Answer:
In Europe, centuries-old settlements were also surrounded by farmland and tended cannot to be wider than 30 minutes' walk from one end to other, with the wealthier people monopolizing the "town center", and poorer people living on town's outskirts or nearby countryside (the "sphere of influence"). With the advent of the decentralization technologies (e.g., bicycles, trains, cars, etc.), American settlements reversed the trend before reaching their saturation point, with the vast farmlands managed by homesteads located dozens of miles away from nearest settlement; lower-income communities occupied the "center" as middle-income and upper-income migrated into suburbia. This created the phenomenon known as urban decay.
A settlement's population size, its geographic area, its status,[clarification needed] and availability of services can all affect the hierarchy. Position in the settlement hierarchy can depend on the sphere of influence. This is how far the people will also travel to use services in settlement: if people travel further the town becomes more important and the ranks higher in the settlement hierarchy.
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