Discuss family environment as a factor in crime and delinquency.
Answers
Answer:
Families serve as one of the strongest
socializing forces in a person's life. They help
teach children to control unacceptable behavior, to
delay gratification, and to respect the rights of
others. Conversely, families can also teach
children aggressive, antisocial, and violent
behavior. In adults' lives, family responsibilities
may provide an important stabilizing force. Given
these possibilities, family life may directly
contribute to the development of delinquent and
criminal tendencies.
This monograph reviews the research
literature which explores these possibilities. It is
written for policymakers, administrators, and
agency personnel who may have considerable
practical experience in crime control and
delinquency prevention and treatment, but who
may not have an extensive background in research
methodology. While trying to be as
comprehensive and thorough in the review as
possible, the authors have attempted to highlight
those studies which present the most methodologically sound findings when drawing conclusions
about the relationship between family life and
crime and delinquency. Generally, the monograph
avoids discussion of complex methodological and
statistical issues but refers the reader to other
sources.
The report is divided into two primary
sections. The first section examines how negative
parental involvement or parental noninvolvement
with their children may lead to juvenile
delinquency. The second discusses how family
life involvement by an adult criminal or an adult
at high risk for criminal activities may inhibit the
likelihood of criminal activities.
The repoi"t begins by examining the more
general issue of continuity. Can events early in a
person's life lead to subsequent behavior later in
life? Three conclusions about the continuity of
offense patterns across the life course are drawn.
First, the research demonstrates that behavioral
problems during childhood predict subsequent
delinquency and criminality. Some of these
behavior problems appear to stem from various
forms of parental/family involvement. Second,
although behavior problems in childhood appear to
predict delinquency, most juvenile offenders
subsequently stop such behavior. Third, the road
to criminality is complex and includes multiple
pathways.
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Having established that events early in a
person's life may be related to subsequent
behavior, the report moves on to consider the role
of early experiences with parents and family on
subsequent delinquent and criminal behavior.
Children who are rejected by their parents, grow
up in homes with considerable conflict, and are
inadequately supervised are at greatest risk of
becoming delinquents. There appears to be a
cumulative efft',ct such that the presence of more
than one of these negative family attributes further
increases the likelihood of delinquency. Not all
children follow the same path to delinquency;
different combinations of life experiences may
produce delinquent behavior. Positive parenting
practices during the early years and later in
adolescence appear to act as buffers preventing
delinquent behavior and assisting adolescents
already involved in such behavior in desisting
from further delinquency.
Research confirms that children raised in
supportive, affectionate, and accepting homes are
less likely to become deviant. Children rejected
by parents are among the most likely to become
delinquent. Studies also indicate that the child's
disposition plays a role in this causal chain. A
troublesome child or adolescent is more likely to
be rejected by parents, which creates an escalating
cycle that may lead to delinquency. Marital discord and conflict and child abuse
correlate with delinquency. Not all children who
grow up in conflictive or violent homes become
delinquent; however, being exposed to conflict and
violence appears to increase the risk of
delinquency. At this point, researchers have not
determined what factors push some at-risk youth
into delinquency.
A child with criminal parents faces a greater
likelihood of becoming a delinquent than children
with law-abiding parents. However, the influence
appears not to be directly related to criminality but
rather to poor supervision.
Studies indicate that positive parenting,
including normative development, monitoring, and
discipline, clearly affects whether children will
become delinquent. Adequate supervision of freetime activities, whereabouts, and peers are critical
to assure that children do not drift into antisocial
and delinquent patterns of behavior. Surprisingly,
little is known about normative and moral
development within the family as they relate to
delinquency.
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Explanation:
The study found out that there are several notable family-related factors that impact on child crime. ... There are also non-family factors that impact on juvenile delinquency, which include the failure of the juvenile justice system, poverty, a lack of access to education, drug abuse and genetic problems.
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