Discuss in detail the factors influencing single dose and repeated dose toxicity studies.
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ANSWER ⤵⤵⤵
✔Toxicokinetic study is essentially required to relate the dose or chemical concentration and the mode of action of the chemicals and its various metabolites.
✔The toxicokinetic process is responsible for the distribution and formation of various chemical entities at the target tissue, which is further responsible for determining the dose at the toxicological site.
✔The rate and magnitude of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion process determines the dose/concentration at the target tissue.
✔The basic toxicokinetic parameter is based on in vitro and in silico studies, which detects the potential of accumulation and the potential of distribution or inhibition of chemicals in the tissues/organs.
✔Toxicokinetic models can be divided into two broad categories depending on the function of time and dose: data-based compartmental models and physiologically based compartmental models.
✔In vitro approaches retrieve information of prime importance in the area of toxicokinetic studies.
✔One of the representative model, the physiologically based toxicokinetic model, can be obtained by including the kinetics of metabolism by the liver and any other organ capable of biotransforming the compound (e.g., the lung), tissue–blood partition coefficients, and involving the transport process kinetics.
✔Acute systemic toxicity of any chemical can be easily predicted by incorporating the basal cytotoxicity data along with the results revealed by toxicokinetic models, which purely depends on the concentration and time course in separate tissues.
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