Discuss in detail various types and forms of sculpture in India. 600 words
Answers
Explanation:
The basic traditional forms of this 3-D art are: free-standing sculpture, which is surrounded on all sides by space; and relief sculpture (encompassing bas-relief, alto-relievo or haut relief, and sunken-relief), where the design remains attached to a background, typically stone or wood.
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Sculpture Art is probably one of the oldest art forms to exist, rooting itself as a widespread practice even in the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation (c.3300-1300 BCE) as well as the ancient Mesopotamian period (c. 3100 BC- 539 BC). In the context of the Indian subcontinent, sculptures remained a significant part of documenting life. The above can be seen by the human and animal figurines as well as the religious sculptures found during the different periods in the region. Today, Indian museums exhibit sculptures excavated and found dating to the Mauryan Empire (c. 270-232 BCE), Ajanta Caves (c.200 BCE - 650 CE), Kushan Empire (1st–6th century), Gupta Empire (c. 320-550 AD), Pallava and Pandya Empires of South India (c. 600-900 AD), Pala Buddhist Art period (8th-12th century AD), Chola Empire from South India, Sri Lanka (9th-13th century), and Mughal Empire (c. 1526 - 1857 AD), and many more periods in between that are still under research.
Tracing the history of sculptures from ancient times, one can find that sculptures can act as a good basis for recreating and understanding our past. For example, sculptures from the Harrapan ages and Mesopotamian ages that have been recovered through excavations shed immense light on our ancient ancestors and their peculiar ways.
As you can guess, sculptures were either depictions of daily life, documentation of victory, a good deed or made for religious purposes during the ancient and medieval times. In contemporary times, however, the definition of sculptures cannot be as straightforward because ‘sculpture making’ has taken on an elitist and high art connotation. Today, sculpture is defined as any artwork that is in three dimensions. Sculptures are part of the ‘Plastic Arts’ and are usually constructed using the techniques of Carving and Modelling. The mediums used vary from Stone, Wood, Ceramics, Plastic, Glass, Metals and Alloys. The purpose of making sculpture has also changed. Modern sculptures are made for self-expression, just as any other commercial artform today.
How did sculpture which remained a public display of power and religion till the 18th century become a self-expressive art form? The answer lies in the British colonisation of India. During the 1800s and 1900s, the influence of the Englishmen living in the country brought European art to the Indian Maharajas and patrons. As a result, many Indian Artists became interested in European art and adopted these styles into their artworks. Similarly, Indian sculptures artists attended training in Western Art in art schools set up by the British and learned the depiction of Indian norms in western style. In addition, they also carved beautiful statues and sculptures inspired by everyday life, as well as court life.
Indian sculpture artists have always been fascinated by figures from mythology and religion as it runs strongly in our culture. Sculptures of Hindu gods and goddesses, Lord Buddha, figures from Christianity and so on are some of the most common themes in sculpture art as seen from the ancient times. India also boasts sculptures of animals, birds, and human figures, depicting daily life activities. In the current art scene, Indian artists experiment with abstract sculpture and sculpture in multimedia form.
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