Question

Discuss merit and demerits of Bohr's atomic model.

Answer 1

Bohr's atomic model

Merits:
1) Bohr's atomic model explained the stability of an atom. According to Bohr, an electron revolving in a particular orbit cannot lose energy. Therefore, emission of radiation is not possible as long as the electron remains in one of its energy levels and hence there is no cause of insatbility in his model.
2) Bohr's concept of atom explained successfully the atomic spectra of hydrogen atom. From the Bohr's atomic model, it is clear that electron can have only certain definite energy levels. When the electron is present as close to the nucleus as possible, the atom has the minimum possible energy and is said to be in the ground state. When energy from some outside source is supplied to it, it can absorb a definite amount of energy and jumps to higher energy state. Such state of an atom possesses more energy than possessed in the ground state is called the excited state.
3) Bohr's theory could predict the values of energies which an electron can have while revolving around the nucleus of hydrogen in hydrogen atom.

Demrits:
1)  Bohr's model of an atom could not account for the finer details of the hydrogen spectrum observed using sophisticated spectroscopic techniques.
2) It could not explain line spectra of atoms containing more than one electron called multielectron atoms.
3) it failed to account for the effect of magnetic field on the spectra of atoms or ions, that is splitting of spectral lines further in presence of magnetic field called as Zeeman effect.
4) Similarly it could explain the effect of electric field on the spectra of atoms (known as Stark effect)
5) It could not provide clue to explain the shapes of molecules arising out of the directional bonding between atoms.


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Answer 2

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Merits of Bohr's Atomic Model?

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1. The experimental value of radii and energies in hydrogen atom are in good agreement with that calculated on the basis of Bohr's theory.
2. Bohr's concept of stationary state of electrons explains the emission and absorption spectra of hydrogen like atom.
3. The experimental values of the spectral lines of hydrogen spectrum are in close agreement calculated by Bohr's theory.

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