Question

Discuss Stalin's collectivisation programme

Answer 1

Acute shortages of grain supplies and outdated mode of production on small land holdings led Stalin to introduce the system of collectivisation.

Under collectivisation, land was taken away from peasants, Kulaks eliminated and large state controlled farms established. Peasants were forced to cultivate on these collective farms (Kolkboz).

Large size of farms enabled introduction of modern techniques and machinery. Land and implements were transferred to the ownership of the collective farms. A profit of the farms was to be shared among the peasants.

Many peasants resisted collectivisation. Resistance was severely punished. Many peasants were deported or exiled.

Collectivisation however did not lead to increase in production immediately.

Answer 2

1. Stalin felt that collectivisation would definitely solve the problem of shortage.  2. From 1929 the Party forced the peasants to cultivate in collective farms (Kolkhoz).  3. The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms.  4. Peasants worked on the land and the Kolkhoz profit was shared.  5. Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. Between 1929 and 1931 the number of cattle fell by 1/3.