Discuss the causes
of the Revolt of 1857.
Answers
Answer:
Immediate Reason of Revolt of 1857
The immediate factor was the introduction of the ‘Enfield’ rifle. The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun. Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat. This was against the Hindu and Muslim sentiments. Thus they were reluctant to use the ‘Enfield’ rifle. This was a flashpoint to enrage the soldiers against the British. This was believed to be the immediate factor for the revolt of 1857.
Causes of Revolt of 1857
The revolt of 1857 was initiated due to various factors which are stated below:
Religious & Social Causes – Racism or racial discrimination was believed to be a major reason for the revolt of 1857 wherein Indians were exploited and were kept away from mixing with Europeans. The whites also started interfering in the religious and cultural affairs of Indians and tortured them as well.
To know more about the Social causes for revolt of 1857, refer to the linked article.
Political Causes – The British expansion had led to the propagation of unjust policies that led to the loss of power of the Nawabs and Zamindars residing at various places of India. The introduction of unfair policies like the policy of Trade and Commerce, the policy of indirect subordination (subsidiary alliance), the policy of war and annexation, the policy of direct subordination (doctrine of lapse), the policy of misgovernance (through which Awadh was annexed) greatly hampered the interests of the rulers of the native states, and they one by one became victims of British expansionism. Therefore, those rulers, who lost their states to the British, were naturally against the British and took sides against them during the revolt.
Economic Factors -There were various reforms in the taxation and revenue system that affected the peasants’ heavily. British Government had imposed and introduced various administrative policies to expand their territory.
The major policies are listed below:
Permanent Settlement in Bengal
Mahalwari settlement in Central India & Ryotwari settlement in southern India
To more about such important land revenue systems, check the linked article.
These three settlements were highly exploitative, and in particular, the Permanent settlement had created a devastating impact. Thus the peasants were greatly encouraged to overthrow the British Government from India and led to their active participation in the revolt of 1857.
Military Factors – The Indian soldiers faced a lot of discrimination from the British officials with respect to their salaries, pensions, promotions. Indians were subjugated in the military while their European counterparts faced no such discrimination. This led to discontent and was a major military factor that resulted in the revolt of 1857.
The sepoys lacked one clear leader; there were several. They also did not have a coherent plan by which the foreigners would be routed.
Indian rulers who aided the revolt did not envision any plan for the country after the British were defeated.
Majorly northern India was affected by this revolt. The three presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras remained mostly unaffected.
List of Important Leaders associated with the revolt of 1857
Place Revolt of 1857 -Important Leaders
Delhi Bahadur Shah II, General Bakht Khan
Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birjis Qadir, Ahmadullah
Kanpur Nana Sahib, Rao Sahib, Tantia Tope, Azimullah Khan
Jhansi Rani Laxmibai
Bihar Kunwar Singh, Amar Singh
Rajasthan Jaidayal Singh and Hardayal Singh
Farrukhabad Tufzal Hasan Khan
Assam Kandapareshwar Singh, Maniram Dutta Baruah
Orissa Surendra Shahi, Ujjwal Shahi
Revolt of 1857-
What was the immediate reason for the revolt of 1857?
The immediate factor was the introduction of the ‘Enfield’ rifle. It was said that the cartridge of this rifle was wrapped in the fat of cow and pig. The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun. Thus the Hindu and Muslim soldiers were reluctant to use the ‘Enfield’ rifle.
What are the causes of revolt 1857?
There are many reasons that led to the revolt of 1857. Major reasons for the revolt can be broadly classified into – Political, Social, Economic, Religious, Military, etc. The causes have been discussed in this article under respective sections.
Explanation:
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The main causes of 1857 :
1)Pathetic Socioeconomic Condition.
2)Problems of Land Revenue.
3)Destruction of Economy.
4)Low position of Indians in Administration.
5)Doctrine of Lapse.
An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. Loading the Enfield often required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth, and many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat.