Discuss the central and provincial administration under Akbar.
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Answer:
In central administration, the emperor was the head of both civil and military administration. He took all major decisions concerning the empire. He was assisted by many officials.
1. The wazir or the diwan was the head of the revenue department.
2. The mir bakshi looked after the military department.
3. The khan-i-saman attended to the needs of the royal household.
4. The sadr-i-sadur kept a record of grants and donations made by the emperor.
5. The qazi was the chief judge.
In provincial administration, the empire was divided into provinces called subas, each headed by a governor, called subadar. He served as a link between the province and the emperor. Subadars were responsible for the administration of provinces. They were assisted by a number of officers. The kotwal looked after the town administration. He performed both police and civil duties. He had to maintain a record of people living in his area and keep a check on weights and measures.
Answer
The Mughal Empire was divided into fifteen provinces or the subas. A governor or the subedar was in charge of the province. While the subedar looked after the military and the civil affairs, the diwan kept an account of the land revenues. Both the subedar and the diwan kept a check on each other.