Question

Discuss the condition of women in the 19th Century India with reference to the evil prevalent in the society

Answer 1

Join me for a few minutes in a journey back in time to the beginning of this century. We are in Paris, the year is 1900, and we are in an optimistic, celebratory mood. A remarkable exhibition has been prepared, and we are here along with multiple millions of others to enjoy it.

The reason for the fifth Paris International Exposition, one of the largest and most ambitious international gatherings ever, is simple. It is a celebration of the remarkable accomplishments of the 19th century—accomplishments that have dramatically changed society and the lot of the common man. But its horizons extend beyond the century just completed to the exciting prospects for the 20th century ahead. The catalog lists almost 80,000 exhibits, and more than 40 million visitors will attend.

To set the scene for the mood and emphasis of the exposition, we must briefly go back further in time. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Europe in the latter part of the 18th century, provided a sudden acceleration in technical development. With the new steam engine as a basis, factories were rapidly transformed and the railways developed. During the 19th century the revolution continued apace and spread from Europe to the world. Understanding of electricity advanced and, with the invention of the dynamo, a whole new world of power and possibilities rapidly opened up. With further developments and refinements, electricity became available on a commercial scale in the 1880s.

In 1864 James Maxwell developed his theory of electromagnetic waves, and by the late 1890s Marconi was busy inventing wireless telegraphy. At about the same time Röntgen discovered X-rays, and French physicist Becquerel discovered radioactivity. In the next few years Marie and Pierre Curie carried out their pioneering work on radioactivity using radium. Rutherford was engaged in his own work on radiation, which led to the formulation of a theory of atomic structure—the first to describe a nucleus encircled by electrons.

All of a sudden, it seemed, massive new powers and fundamental forces were becoming available, generating exciting promise of advancement and discovery.

The Paris Exposition, perhaps more than anything else, captured this sense of newly available powers. Electricity and the dynamo were much in evidence. With the gathering pace of invention and technological and industrial development, there was a feeling that times were beginning to race ahead faster than ever before.

Henry Brooks Adams, American author and historian, in observing this progressive acceleration, wrote that “the new American—the child of incalculable coal power, chemical power, electric power, and radiating energy, as well as new forces yet undetermined—must be a sort of God compared with any former creation of nature. At the rate of progress since 1800, every American who lived in the year 2000 would know how to control unlimited power” (The Education of Henry Adams, 1906, quoted by Hillel Schwartz in Century’s End, Doubleday, New York, 1990, p. 168).

The 19th century may have belonged to Great Britain and the European powers, but the United States was developing fast. It grew from 16 states in 1800 to 45 by 1900, while its population grew from 5 million to 76 million. At century’s end it was apparent that the seat of energy had migrated from Europe to America. An awesome and burgeoning engine of production was girding itself not only to dominate the 20th century, but to become the world’s only superpower.

Answer 2

1) In the 19th century 'male dominated society'.

2) Sari partha was their.

3) Widow did not have right to remarry.

4) Girls education was not their.

5) Child marriage was their.

6) Girls don't have right in their father's property.