Discuss the "Cross-fertilisation" of artistic forms and architectural styles between the eighth and eighteenth century
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Answer:
QUTB MINAR
Ø Qutab Minar is the highest minar of India with 72.5 meters, height at Mehaurli in Delhi.
Ø It has five stories. The first floor was constructed by Qutbuddin Aybak in 1199 and the rest by Iltutmish around 1229.
It has small arches and geometrical designs under first Balcony which have two bands of inscriptions in Arabic.
Ø The surface of the minar is curved and angular.
Ø Over the years it was damaged by lightning and earthquakes and repaired by Alauddin Khalji, Muhammad Tughluq, Firuz Shah Tughluq and Ibrahim Lodi.
v ENGINEERING SKILLS AND CONSTRUCTION
Ø Monuments provide an insight into the technologies used for construction.
Ø Between the seventh and tenth centuries, architects started to build superstructure which need a sophisticated skill.
Ø They used different architecture style
§ TRABEATE OR CORBELLED-When a horizontal beam is placed across two vertical columns for door and window, that a style of architecture called trabeate’ or ‘corbelled’.
§ ARCUATE- When the weight of the superstructure above the doors and windows was sometimes carried by arches. This architectural form was called “arcuate
They started to use the limestone mixed with stone chips that led to faster construction.
Ø Assimilation of Indian style with Persian style of architecture was prominent during medieval time.
v TEMPLE CONSTRUCTION IN THE EARLY 11th CENTURY
Ø The Kandariya Mahadeva temple
§ It was dedicated to Shiva was constructed in 999 by the king Dhangadeva of the Chandela dynasty in Khajuraho, MP.
§ It has tall sikhara, main hall (mahamandapa) where dances were performed.
§ The image of the chief deity was kept in the main shrine (garbhagriha).
The Rajarajeshvara temple
§ It is in Thanjavur constructed by Chola king Rajraja-I.
§ It had the tallest shikhara amongst temples of its time. It had 90 tonne stone on the top of the shikhara.
§ It was done by built an inclined path nearly 4 km away to the top of the temple, and it rolled all the way to top.
v CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS-
v TEMPLES AND MOSQUES OR MASJID
Ø Temples and mosques were beautifully constructed by kings, sultans and their subordinates because they were places of worship and meant to demonstrate the power, wealth and devotion of the patron.
Ø Constructing places of worship provided rulers with the chance to proclaim their close relationship with God.