discuss the different aspects of the non-cooperation movement
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There was widespread political discontent in India by the end of 1919, which culminated in the Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhi.
It was the 1st Mass based political movement under Gandhi. The circumstances which led to it were as follows:-
1. The Rowlatt Act and the Punjab horrors had belied the wartime promises.
2. The reforms of 1919 with their ill-considered scheme of dyarchy had hardly satisfied few.
3. The Khilafat wrongs
4. Even those, who were willing to treat the Punjab horrors as ‘aberrations’ were soon disillusioned when they discovered that the Hunter Committee was eyewash.
Moreover the House of Lords had voted in favour of General Dyer’s action and the British public demonstrated its support by helping the Morning Post to collect 30,000 Pounds for General Dyer.
Masses became skeptical of any possibility of political advance through constitutional means. They were also facing considerable economic distress (rising prices & shortages, drought and epidemics).
Thus the stage was set for the merger of the Khilafat agitation with the Congress official protest movement popularly known as Non
Different Aspects of Non-Cooperation:
The Tilak Swarajya Fund was started to finance the Non-Cooperation Movement. The main emphasis of the movement was on boycott of schools, colleges, law courts and advocacy of the use of Charkha.
There was widespread student unrest and top lawyers like C R Das and Molilal Nehru gave up their legal practice.
The movement stressed on boycott of foreign cloths and boycott of the forthcoming visit of the Prince of Wales in November, 1921;
Charkha and Khadi was popularized and campaign to court arrest i.e. Jail Bharo was initiated by Congress volunteers. Swaraj or self-rule, redressal of Punjab wrongs & Khilafat issue were demanded through Non-Cooperation Movement
Negative Aspects:
1. Surrender of Government titles and honours.
2. Congressmen not to attend Government durbars, official functions etc.
3. Triple boycott of (a) Legislatures-Central and provincial (b) Government Courts (c) Government educational institutions.
4. Boycott of foreign goods.
Constructive Aspect:
(a) Use of Swadeshi goods.
(b) Hand spinning and hand wearing.
(c) Removal of social evils like casteism and untouchability.
(d) Tolerance.
(e) Hindu-Muslim unity
(f) Collection of money for Tilak Swaraj fund.
(g) Setting up national educational institutions.
(h) The charge of Dufferin that the Congress represented the microscopic minority could never again be levied.
Progress of Non-Cooperation Movement:
1. Gandhi returned his title Kaiser-i-Hind.
2. Congressmen boycotted election.
3. Boycott of Government courts.
4. C. R. Das and Motilal left their lucrative practice.
5. Students boycotted schools and colleges, law courts.
6. Bonfire of foreign goods.
7. Congress Ashrams were opened.
8. Prince of Wales visit boycotted.
9. Picketing of shops selling foreign cloth. Value of imports of foreign cloth fell from 102 crore (1920-21) to 57 crore (1921-22). Khadi became popular.
Hope this will help......
It was the 1st Mass based political movement under Gandhi. The circumstances which led to it were as follows:-
1. The Rowlatt Act and the Punjab horrors had belied the wartime promises.
2. The reforms of 1919 with their ill-considered scheme of dyarchy had hardly satisfied few.
3. The Khilafat wrongs
4. Even those, who were willing to treat the Punjab horrors as ‘aberrations’ were soon disillusioned when they discovered that the Hunter Committee was eyewash.
Moreover the House of Lords had voted in favour of General Dyer’s action and the British public demonstrated its support by helping the Morning Post to collect 30,000 Pounds for General Dyer.
Masses became skeptical of any possibility of political advance through constitutional means. They were also facing considerable economic distress (rising prices & shortages, drought and epidemics).
Thus the stage was set for the merger of the Khilafat agitation with the Congress official protest movement popularly known as Non
Different Aspects of Non-Cooperation:
The Tilak Swarajya Fund was started to finance the Non-Cooperation Movement. The main emphasis of the movement was on boycott of schools, colleges, law courts and advocacy of the use of Charkha.
There was widespread student unrest and top lawyers like C R Das and Molilal Nehru gave up their legal practice.
The movement stressed on boycott of foreign cloths and boycott of the forthcoming visit of the Prince of Wales in November, 1921;
Charkha and Khadi was popularized and campaign to court arrest i.e. Jail Bharo was initiated by Congress volunteers. Swaraj or self-rule, redressal of Punjab wrongs & Khilafat issue were demanded through Non-Cooperation Movement
Negative Aspects:
1. Surrender of Government titles and honours.
2. Congressmen not to attend Government durbars, official functions etc.
3. Triple boycott of (a) Legislatures-Central and provincial (b) Government Courts (c) Government educational institutions.
4. Boycott of foreign goods.
Constructive Aspect:
(a) Use of Swadeshi goods.
(b) Hand spinning and hand wearing.
(c) Removal of social evils like casteism and untouchability.
(d) Tolerance.
(e) Hindu-Muslim unity
(f) Collection of money for Tilak Swaraj fund.
(g) Setting up national educational institutions.
(h) The charge of Dufferin that the Congress represented the microscopic minority could never again be levied.
Progress of Non-Cooperation Movement:
1. Gandhi returned his title Kaiser-i-Hind.
2. Congressmen boycotted election.
3. Boycott of Government courts.
4. C. R. Das and Motilal left their lucrative practice.
5. Students boycotted schools and colleges, law courts.
6. Bonfire of foreign goods.
7. Congress Ashrams were opened.
8. Prince of Wales visit boycotted.
9. Picketing of shops selling foreign cloth. Value of imports of foreign cloth fell from 102 crore (1920-21) to 57 crore (1921-22). Khadi became popular.
Hope this will help......
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