discuss the distribution of major food cash crop?
Answers
Distribution and Production of Crops in India⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
1. Food Crops:
Food crops cover most of the total cropped area in the country and contribute to about 50 per cent of the total value of agricultural production.
Food crops cover most of the total cropped area in the country and contribute to about 50 per cent of the total value of agricultural production.They are grown throughout the country either as a sole crop or in combination with other crops.
2. Rice:
Rice (Oryza sativa) is the leading crop of India and its growth area stretches from 8° N latitude to 34° N latitude. Rice is also grown in areas below sea level as in the Kuttanad region of Kerala .
Explanation ⬇️ ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
In Andhra Pradesh the deltas of Krishna and Godavari and the adjoining coastal plains form one of the most important rice tracts in the country. Rice is grown both in kharif and rabi seasons. The districts of the East and West Godavari, Kurnool, Anantpur, Krishna, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Nellore and Cuddapah are the main places where rice is largely raised .
In Assam rice is the main food crop. It is raised in the Brahmaputra valley including Goalpara, Kamrup, Darrang, Lakhimpur, Sibsagar and Nowgong districts and the Barak valley in Cachar district. A substantial amount of the crop is produced under shifting cultivation system, locally called jhum. In Assam the winter crop is the most important followed by the autumn and the summer crop.
In Bihar the main regions of rice cultivation are Shahabad, Champaran, Gaya, Darbhanga and Purnia, while Santhal Parganas, Ranchi and Singhbhum are the main rice producing centres of Jharkhand. In Bihar and Jharkhand, autumn rice is sown in May-June and harvested in September. But winter rice is sown during May-June, transplanted in June-July and harvested in October-November.
Over 90 per cent of Orissa’s rice comes from Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, Cuttack, Puri, Balasore, Ganjam, Kendrapara, Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Bolangir. Rice occupies about 58 per cent of the state’s total cropped area .
3. Wheat:
Next to rice, wheat (Triticum) is the most important food crop. The germ wheat (Triticum) has several species, viz., Triticum durum, Triticum aestiyum . Triticum compactum, Triticum spelta, Triticum dicoccum, etc. However, in India the common bread wheat varieties are Triticum aestiyum . the macaroni wheat (Triticum durum) and Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum). Triticum dicoccum is grown on a. very restricted scale in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu where it is known under the names of popaliya, khapli, rava, godhumalu and samba respectively .
Explanation ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
Triticum durum is the second most important wheat specie grown in the country. This specie is grown mostly under rainfed conditions in Madhya Pradesh, parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Only recently, with the development of dwarf high yielding varieties, some area has come under dwarf durum in Punjab, central and peninsular India. Good quality pasta wheats suitable for macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli and noodles are now available .
Based on the agro-climatic conditions, the country is broadly divided into five wheat zones:⬇️
1. The North-Western Plains consisting of the plains of Punjab, Haryana, Jammu, Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh. Here the irrigated wheat is planted in November and the rainfed wheat towards the end of October. Harvesting generally starts by the middle of April and goes up to the beginning of May. This zone is most important among the five zones and Triticum aestivum is mostly grown here .
2. The North-Eastern Plains zone consisting of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Here also Triticum aestivum is grown. Due to late harvesting of paddy, most of the sowing of wheat is generally done towards the latter half of November and in the first fortnight of December. Harvesting is done in March-April.
3. The Central zone consisting of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bundelkhand area of Uttar Pradesh. Both T. aestivum and T. durum are grown in this zone .
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