Discuss the effects of population on resources of india
Answers
Answer:
Persons are means as well as ends of economic development. They are an asset if in adequate strength and prove to be a liability if excess in strength.
Population has crossed the optimum limit in India and has become a liability.
So problem of population explosion in India has proved to be a big hindrance in the success of economic planning and development.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Following are the main effects of population explosion:
1. Problem of Investment Requirement:
Indian population is growing at a rate of 1.8 percent per annum. In order to achieve a given rate of increase in per capita income, larger investment is needed. This adversely affects the growth rate of the economy. In India, annual growth rate of population is 1.8 percent and capital output ratio is 4:1. It means that in order to stabilize the existing economic growth rate (4 X 1.8) = 7.2 percent of national income must be invested.
2. Problem of Capital Formation:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Composition of population in India hampers the increase in capital formation. High birth rate and low expectancy of life means large number of dependents in the total population. In India 35 percent of population is composed of persons less than 14 years of age. Most of these people depend on others for subsistence. They are unproductive consumers. The burden of dependents reduces the capacity of the people to save. So the rate of capital formation falls.
3. Effect on per Capita Income:
Large size of population in India and its rapid rate of growth results into low per capita availability of capital. From 1950-51 to 1980-81. India’s national income grew at an average annual rate of 3.6 percent per annum. But per capita income had risen around one percent. It is due the fact that population growth has increased by 2.5 percent.
Answer:
POPULATION AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT:
In the present time, environmental degradation has emerged
as a major global problem. Man has made rapid developments in agriculture, industries, transportation and others
area with the help of his technological and scientific skills. But
in this process, man disturbing all the functioning of natural
environment. The world commission on environment and development opines that “the future is to face ever increasing
environmental decay ,poverty, hardship and even more polluted world”(Alka Gautam 2007). Global 2000 report (1980)
registered the truth that the earth will become crowded .more
polluted, ecologically more disturbed, and more vulnerable
than the world we live in present. Environmental degradation
emerged as a most serious issue of concern not only in the
developing world also in the developed countries. Rapid population growth and economic development leads overexploitation of natural resources such as land, water, air etc. uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion
of agricultural land puts pressure on natural environmental
resources like forest which caused the destruction of natural
habitats of wild life animals. India is the second most populous country in the world having over 1.271 billion population
(17.5%) of world’s total population but has no more than
2.4% of global land. The pressure of over population is much
higher in the greater plain of India having 33% of the total
population of India. The above mention fact indicates that in
the northern plain main cause of environmental degradation is
rapid growth of population that puts severe pressure on natural resources. on the other side’s comparatively low population growth and high economic development caused environmental degradation in the southern and western regions of
India. The north eastern part of the country having low population are rich in natural resources(highly forested) because
these regions are underdeveloped and very little movements
of man.
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