Question

Discuss the emergence of new dynasties and kingdoms from 17 th -18 th century in
India.

Answer 1

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The Emergence of New Dynasties

• Rich landlords or warrior chiefs became subordinates of kings and were given title of samantas, and were expected to bring gifts for their kings or overlords, had to be present at their courts and would provide them military support. With more power and wealth, samantas became maha-samantas or maha-mandaleshvara, and some of them became free from their overlords.
• Dantidurga, who was a Rashtrakuta chief, performed hiranya-garbha ritual to became a Kshatriya and then he overthrew his Chalukya overlord.
• In spite of being Brahmans, Kadamba Mayurasharman and Gurjara-Pratihara Harichandra built their kingdoms in Karnataka and Rajasthan.

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Answer 2

After the 17th century, many new dynasties emerged in the Indian sub-continent like the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, Cholas and Chahamanas (Chauhans). The Samantas were big landlords or warrior chiefs and were expected to bring gifts for their kings, be present at the courts and provide them with military support.